Modeling of groundwater-surface water interactions: a review of integration strategies

ABSTRACTGroundwater and surface water systems (GW-SW) are interconnected in most landscapes and climates, and the interactions between them, known as GW-SW interactions, are spatially and temporally dynamic and characterized by significant uncertainty. Understanding and characterizing these interactions are crucial for effective water resource management. In recent decades, there has been considerable attention and progress in addressing GW-SW interaction problems. The integration of surface and subsurface water modeling has emerged as a practical approach to simulate GW-SW interactions and inform the development of best management practices (BMPs) for water resource management. To effectively simulate GW-SW interactions, a clear understanding of coupling techniques is essential. This study reviews various integrated modeling approaches applied to simulate GW-SW interactions in water resources management. The identified gaps in GW-SW interaction modeling approaches are categorized into three groups: 1) physically based models, 2) surrogate-based models, and 3) simulation-based optimization models. The objective of this study is to make a contribution to the classification of integrated modeling approaches and provide insights into the advantages and limitations of different techniques. Ultimately, this research aims to establish a standard for selecting an appropriate simulation tool for GW-SW management based on specific limitations and requirements.KEYWORDS: Groundwatersurface waterphysically based modelsurrogate based modelsimulation based optimization model Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).