{"title":"丰富神秘体验的共同核心:对道家僧尼访谈的定性分析","authors":"Zhuo Job Chen, Shuozhi Guo, Richard G. Cowden","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2023.2265267","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe scientific study of psychedelic, religious, spiritual, and mystical (PRSM) experiences can be advanced by applying culturally inclusive qualitative methodologies that illuminate the breadth and depth of individual experiences in a variety of contexts. To enrich the common core thesis of mysticism and offer insights that could contribute more generally to bridging the gap between psychedelic and religious experiences, the current study used a phenomenological approach to explore the structure and content of mystical experiences among Daoist practitioners. The sample included 19 highly experienced Daoist monks and nuns. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with orienting questions that were adapted from the theoretical framework of the modified common core thesis, which taps into eight broad categories of mystical experience (i.e. ego loss, timelessness and spaceless, unity, inner subjectivity, positive affect, sacredness, noetic quality, and ineffability). Thematic coding suggested two clusters of Daoist experiences, one featuring a group of themes comprising dissolution of self, unitary experiences, and bodily sensations, and the other group of themes including egress of spirit and resonance with divinities and spirits. The derived themes corresponded to some prescriptions of the common core thesis, yet extended the theory with unique themes – egress of spirit and bodily sensations – that connect introvertive, extrovertive, and interpretive mysticisms. We draw on ideas found in Daoist canons and scriptures to provide a contextualized discussion of the findings, and highlight some of the ways that the findings contribute to expanding the common core thesis to a broader range of PRSM experiences.Keywords: Mysticismqualitativeeastern religions AcknowledgmentsThis project/publication was made possible through the support of a grant from Templeton Religion Trust, awarded via the International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS), the support of John Templeton Foundation, the American Psychological Association’s Division 36 (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality), and the Shand Grant of the Society for Scientific Study of Religion. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Templeton Religion Trust, John Templeton Foundation, or the INSBS.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation; American Psychological Association Division 36; Society for Scientific Study of Religion; International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS); Templeton Religion Trust.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Enriching the Common Core of Mystical Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Daoist Monks and Nuns\",\"authors\":\"Zhuo Job Chen, Shuozhi Guo, Richard G. Cowden\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/10508619.2023.2265267\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACTThe scientific study of psychedelic, religious, spiritual, and mystical (PRSM) experiences can be advanced by applying culturally inclusive qualitative methodologies that illuminate the breadth and depth of individual experiences in a variety of contexts. To enrich the common core thesis of mysticism and offer insights that could contribute more generally to bridging the gap between psychedelic and religious experiences, the current study used a phenomenological approach to explore the structure and content of mystical experiences among Daoist practitioners. The sample included 19 highly experienced Daoist monks and nuns. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with orienting questions that were adapted from the theoretical framework of the modified common core thesis, which taps into eight broad categories of mystical experience (i.e. ego loss, timelessness and spaceless, unity, inner subjectivity, positive affect, sacredness, noetic quality, and ineffability). Thematic coding suggested two clusters of Daoist experiences, one featuring a group of themes comprising dissolution of self, unitary experiences, and bodily sensations, and the other group of themes including egress of spirit and resonance with divinities and spirits. The derived themes corresponded to some prescriptions of the common core thesis, yet extended the theory with unique themes – egress of spirit and bodily sensations – that connect introvertive, extrovertive, and interpretive mysticisms. We draw on ideas found in Daoist canons and scriptures to provide a contextualized discussion of the findings, and highlight some of the ways that the findings contribute to expanding the common core thesis to a broader range of PRSM experiences.Keywords: Mysticismqualitativeeastern religions AcknowledgmentsThis project/publication was made possible through the support of a grant from Templeton Religion Trust, awarded via the International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS), the support of John Templeton Foundation, the American Psychological Association’s Division 36 (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality), and the Shand Grant of the Society for Scientific Study of Religion. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Templeton Religion Trust, John Templeton Foundation, or the INSBS.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation; American Psychological Association Division 36; Society for Scientific Study of Religion; International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS); Templeton Religion Trust.\",\"PeriodicalId\":47234,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2023.2265267\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"哲学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2023.2265267","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Enriching the Common Core of Mystical Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Daoist Monks and Nuns
ABSTRACTThe scientific study of psychedelic, religious, spiritual, and mystical (PRSM) experiences can be advanced by applying culturally inclusive qualitative methodologies that illuminate the breadth and depth of individual experiences in a variety of contexts. To enrich the common core thesis of mysticism and offer insights that could contribute more generally to bridging the gap between psychedelic and religious experiences, the current study used a phenomenological approach to explore the structure and content of mystical experiences among Daoist practitioners. The sample included 19 highly experienced Daoist monks and nuns. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with orienting questions that were adapted from the theoretical framework of the modified common core thesis, which taps into eight broad categories of mystical experience (i.e. ego loss, timelessness and spaceless, unity, inner subjectivity, positive affect, sacredness, noetic quality, and ineffability). Thematic coding suggested two clusters of Daoist experiences, one featuring a group of themes comprising dissolution of self, unitary experiences, and bodily sensations, and the other group of themes including egress of spirit and resonance with divinities and spirits. The derived themes corresponded to some prescriptions of the common core thesis, yet extended the theory with unique themes – egress of spirit and bodily sensations – that connect introvertive, extrovertive, and interpretive mysticisms. We draw on ideas found in Daoist canons and scriptures to provide a contextualized discussion of the findings, and highlight some of the ways that the findings contribute to expanding the common core thesis to a broader range of PRSM experiences.Keywords: Mysticismqualitativeeastern religions AcknowledgmentsThis project/publication was made possible through the support of a grant from Templeton Religion Trust, awarded via the International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS), the support of John Templeton Foundation, the American Psychological Association’s Division 36 (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality), and the Shand Grant of the Society for Scientific Study of Religion. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Templeton Religion Trust, John Templeton Foundation, or the INSBS.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation; American Psychological Association Division 36; Society for Scientific Study of Religion; International Research Network for the Study of Science and Belief in Society (INSBS); Templeton Religion Trust.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.