Cardiac abnormalities in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlations and predictors

Abstract Background Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to have cardiac abnormalities, which increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to explore correlations and probable predictors for these abnormalities in stable COPD patients. Patients and methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including 91 stable COPD cases, who were admitted to a tertiary health-care center during the period from August 2021 to January 2022. Spirometry, arterial blood gas, and ECG were performed for all participants. They were categorized using GOLD guidelines (2021) and assessed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography using the American and European Association of Echocardiography ASE recommendations. Results The study included 91 COPD patients; their mean age was 60.5 years with male predominance (62.6%). Of the patients, 76.9% were smokers and 49.5% of patients have respiratory failure type II. The most common abnormal ECG findings were P pulmonale, ventricular ectopic, and ischemic changes, which were more detected in severe COPD patients (94.29%). Echocardiographic assessment showed abnormal findings in almost 65%, more in the severe group. The most frequent findings were signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (72.5%), right ventricular dilatation (49.5%), and hypokinesia (21.98%). Risk factors of cardiac abnormalities were respiratory failure, COPD duration, comorbidities, and COPD stage. Conclusion Right ventricle dilatation, hypokinesia, and PH showed a positive correlation with echocardiographic findings and COPD severity. Respiratory failure and COPD duration were independent predictors of arrhythmia; COPD stage and the number of comorbidities were predictors of cardiac ischemia, while respiratory failure and comorbidities were predictors of PH.