Pediatric uveitis complicating in cataract formation regained normal visual acuity – a challenging case

Background: Pediatric uveitis and its complications are important causes of child blindness. Strong inflammatory response and unstable treatment compliance result in worse treatment outcome than adults and frequent recurrence. However, effective anti-inflammatory treatment can still lead to good result. Case report: We report a case of pan-uveitis in a 13-year-old patient, complicating in cataract formation who was successfully treated and regained 20/20 final visual acuity. The patient was admitted to us due to blurry vision, pain and redness on her left eye, with best-corrected visual acuity 12/20, intraocular pressure 15 mmHg, ciliary flush, anterior chamber cell and constricted pupil with poor light reflex. Her left eye was diagnosed with anterior uveitis and treated with topical prednisone acetate along with peri-orbital injection of dexamethasone. At 1-week follow-up, her left eye showed significant progress with best-corrected visual acuity being 16/20 and no inflammatory reaction detected. Due to social distancing in Covid-19 pandemic, she was unable to have follow-up examinations; her condition worsened to pan-uveitis which complicated in cataract formation and her visual acuity fell down to counting finger 0.5m. She was then treated with systemic methylprednisolone in 2 weeks and local corticosteroids in 6 months, including 3 consecutive peri-orbital injections of triamcinolone acetate with monthly interval and topical prednisone acetate; after that she underwent cataract surgery with anterior vitreous humor removed and intraocular lens implanted in the ciliary sulcus. At 1-month follow-up, best-correct visual acuity of her left eye was 20/20 and intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg, the inflammatory response of her left eye was completely in control. Conclusion: Effective anti-inflammatory treatment even after surgery (if existed) takes the decisive role in regaining patient’s vision. Cataract removal surgery on pediatric uveitis patients should combine with vitrectomy and the surgeon should be prepared to place the intraocular lens in the ciliary sulcus.