核外的遮挡:红外类星体可以被埋在极度致密的星暴中

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Carolina Andonie, David M Alexander, Claire Greenwell, Annagrazia Puglisi, Brivael Laloux, Alba V Alonso-Tetilla, Gabriela Calistro Rivera, Chris Harrison, Ryan C Hickox, Melanie Kaasinen, Andrea Lapi, Iván E López, Grayson Petter, Cristina Ramos Almeida, David J Rosario, Francesco Shankar, Carolin Villforth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在标准类星体模型中,吸积盘的遮挡是由于典型的尘埃环面造成的。在这里,我们认为类星体遮挡的很大一部分可能来自星际介质(ISM),当类星体嵌入紧凑的星暴时。我们使用了578个红外类星体(IR)在z≈1-3和存档的阿塔卡马大毫米/亚毫米阵列(Atacama Large millimeter / submillimeter Array)亚毫米宿主星系大小的无偏差样本来研究ISM对类星体遮挡的贡献。我们计算了红外类星体的恒星形成率(SFR)和ISM柱密度,并以亚毫米星系(smg)为控制样本,没有类星体活动,结果表明:(1)类星体被遮挡的比例在$\rm SFR\approx 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$处是恒定的,然后向更高的SFR方向增加,表明ISM遮挡在星暴宿主星系中起着重要作用;(2)在$\rm SFR\gtrsim 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$处,smg和IR类星体具有相似的紧凑的亚毫米大小($R_{\rm e}\approx 0.5{\!-\!}3\,\mathrm{ kpc}$),因此,ISM可以严重遮挡类星体,在极端情况下甚至达到康普顿厚度($N_{\rm H}\gt 10^{24} \rm \: cm^{-2}$)的水平。根据我们的结果,我们推断含有$\rm SFR\gtrsim 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$的红外类星体的${\approx} 10{\!-\!}30~{{ \rm per\ cent}}$完全被ISM遮蔽。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Obscuration beyond the nucleus: infrared quasars can be buried in extreme compact starbursts
ABSTRACT In the standard quasar model, the accretion disc obscuration is due to the canonical dusty torus. Here, we argue that a substantial part of the quasar obscuration can come from the interstellar medium (ISM) when the quasars are embedded in compact starbursts. We use an obscuration-unbiased sample of 578 infrared (IR) quasars at z ≈ 1–3 and archival Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array submillimetre host galaxy sizes to investigate the ISM contribution to the quasar obscuration. We calculate star formation rates (SFR) and ISM column densities for the IR quasars and a control sample of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) not hosting quasar activity and show that: (1) the quasar obscured fraction is constant up to $\rm SFR\approx 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$, and then increases towards higher SFR, suggesting that the ISM obscuration plays a significant role in starburst host galaxies, and (2) at $\rm SFR\gtrsim 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$, the SMGs and IR quasars have similarly compact submillimetre sizes ($R_{\rm e}\approx 0.5{\!-\!}3\,\mathrm{ kpc}$) and consequently, the ISM can heavily obscure the quasar, even reaching Compton-thick ($N_{\rm H}\gt 10^{24} \rm \: cm^{-2}$) levels in extreme cases. Based on our results, we infer that ${\approx} 10{\!-\!}30~{{ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the IR quasars with $\rm SFR\gtrsim 300 \: {\rm M}_{\odot } \: yr^{-1}$ are obscured solely by the ISM.
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来源期刊
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters Earth and Planetary Sciences-Space and Planetary Science
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
136
期刊介绍: For papers that merit urgent publication, MNRAS Letters, the online section of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, publishes short, topical and significant research in all fields of astronomy. Letters should be self-contained and describe the results of an original study whose rapid publication might be expected to have a significant influence on the subsequent development of research in the associated subject area. The 5-page limit must be respected. Authors are required to state their reasons for seeking publication in the form of a Letter when submitting their manuscript.
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