Trade and Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey: Prospects and Challenges

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey, with an emphasis on identifying the prospects and challenges that accompany this strategic partnership. In recent decades, the two countries have strengthened their diplomatic ties, which has made economic cooperation even more meaningful. The article begins with an overview of the history of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Turkey, identifying the key stages and factors that contributed to the development of relations. Particular attention is paid to the economic reforms carried out in both countries and their impact on the structure and nature of interaction. The study analyzes the main areas of cooperation, including trade, investment and joint projects. The role of the energy sector in this partnership is considered, especially in the context of the supply of Kazakh oil and gas to Turkey. Progress in the field of transport infrastructure is also highlighted, especially within the framework of transit corridors linking the countries of Europe and Asia. However, the article also raises the complexities and challenges facing the two countries. In particular, the issues of diversification of economic relations are considered in order to avoid one-sided dependence on individual sectors. Geopolitical factors also play an important role in the development of a partnership, and the article analyzes how changes in world politics can affect cooperation between the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of both countries to improve the investment climate and reduce trade barriers. Free trade agreements and measures aimed at simplifying the visa regime are being considered in order to promote more active interaction between entrepreneurs and investors. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey have significant potential for mutual benefit. However, to fully realize this potential, the challenges posed by this partnership and active cooperation on the global stage will need to be effectively managed. The obtained results of the analysis can serve as a basis for the formation of strategic recommendations for deepening cooperation and overcoming potential limitations. Key words: trade and economic relations, Kazakhstan, Turkey, prospects, challenges, strategic partnership, diplomatic relations, cooperation, trade, investments, energy sector, transport infrastructure, diversification.