Ontogenetic and cohort estimates of tadpole survival for the threatened Betic midwife toad (Alytes dickhilleni) in two contrasting small waterbodies

Abstract Comprehensive knowledge on demographic parameters and early life history traits is essential for an effective amphibian management and conservation. Here, we assessed tadpole survival of Alytes dickhilleni in two contrasting small waterbodies (natural pool vs man-made drinking trough). For the first time in the genus Alytes , tadpole survival was quantified at ontogenetic and cohort level. Overall, low survival values were reported for both study sites, being values in the natural pool (0.16) twice than in the man-made drinking trough (0.07). Ontogenetic and cohort variation was congruent between both study sites, with survival rates decreasing in intermediate developmental stages, and highest values being observed in overwintering as compared to summer tadpoles. Owing to the ongoing decline in Alytes populations, these results can be particularly useful for informing future conservation schemes based on tadpole translocation or reintroduction from wild populations.