用于增材制造的高性能热固性材料

IF 2.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Thamires Andrade Lima, Anh Fridman, Jaclyn McLaughlin, Clayton Francis, Anthony Clay, Ganesh Narayanan, Heedong Yoon, Mohanad Idrees, Giuseppe R. Palmese, John La Scala, Nicolas Javier Alvarez
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引用次数: 1

摘要

增材制造(AM)自诞生以来已经走过了漫长的道路。以前被认为是一种快速原型制作方法,它为生产数量有限、可定制和/或复杂几何形状的用户端部件提供了显著的好处。为了在高性能应用中考虑增材制造,例如汽车和航空航天,我们必须考虑增材制造技术以及可用和兼容的打印材料。通常,只有热固性塑料树脂能够满足高性能规格,例如足够高的强度、刚度和韧性,以及出色的耐化学性和耐环境性。这篇综述介绍了可用的高性能热固性化学物质和配方,即树脂共混物的广泛概述。所涵盖的基础树脂化学物质有:乙烯基,环氧树脂,亚胺,氰酸酯,聚氨酯,苯并恶嗪和点击化学物质(例如,Michael addition)。随后,讨论了这些基础树脂的更多应用相关的共混物。每个部分都侧重于树脂的细节,如反应机制,典型的单体结构,机械性能和特定于AM的应用。审查安排如下:我们首先介绍了该领域的最新技术、仍然面临的挑战,以及“高性能”的基准定义。随后讨论了热固性印刷可用的增材制造技术,重点讨论了它们的优缺点。接下来,我们将介绍不同树脂化学的细节,然后是它们的混合物。下一节详细介绍了开发允许掺入填料(如流变改性剂和增强剂)的增材制造技术的困难。文章最后展望了增材制造技术的未来,该技术将弥合纯树脂打印和高性能应用急需的复合材料打印之间的差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
High-performance thermosets for additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) has come a long way since its initial inception. Previously considered a fast prototyping method, it offers significant benefits for use as a method of producing user-end parts that are limited in quantity, customizable, and/or complicated geometries. For AM to be considered in high-performance applications, such as automotive and aerospace, we must consider AM technology and the available and compatible printing materials. Typically only thermoset plastic resins are capable of meeting high-performance specifications, such as sufficiently high strength, stiffness, and toughness, as well as excellent chemical and environmental resistance. This review presents a broad overview of the available high-performance thermoset chemistries and formulations, i.e., resin blends. The base resin chemistries that are covered are: vinyl, epoxy, imides, cyanate ester, urethanes, benzoxazine, and click chemistries (e.g., Michael addition). Subsequently, more application-relevant blends of these base resins are discussed. Each section focuses on resin details such as reaction mechanisms, typical monomer structure, mechanical properties, and applications specific to AM. The review is organized as follows. We begin with an introduction on the state-of-the-art, the challenges still faced by the field, and a benchmark definition of “high performance.” This is followed by a discussion of the available AM technologies for thermoset printing, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Next, we cover the details of different resin chemistry, followed by their blends. The following section details the difficulties in developing AM technologies that allow for the incorporation of fillers, such as rheological modifiers and reinforcements. The review ends with a perspective on the future of AM technologies that would bridge the gap between pure resin printing and the much needed composite printing for high-performance applications.
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