纠缠的流行病:在非洲频繁流行的时代处理疫苗可预防的疾病

Vinie Kouamou, Seth Inzaule
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摘要

虽然基本上有限的卫生系统和资金在应对多种流行病时已经超负荷,但包括脊髓灰质炎和麻疹在内的持续疫苗可预防疾病(VPD)继续构成公共卫生威胁,并暴露了许多非洲国家公共卫生系统的弱点。流行期间流行性腹泻暴发的激增似乎是非洲的一个共同趋势,通常是由于疫苗接种覆盖率降低。世界卫生组织报告称,2021年,近2500万儿童未接种首次麻疹疫苗,比2019年多500万。儿童免疫接种率下降的部分原因是COVID-19大流行导致公共卫生服务严重中断,疫苗接种覆盖率下降。疫苗有助于减少VPD的发病率。因此,有效的VPD疫情应对机制和战略,包括在流行低谷期间加强免疫接种补充运动,包括在诊所外提供疫苗,以及在大流行期间评估较新的疫苗递送模式,对于尽量减少新出现的流行病期间VPD疫情的影响至关重要。确保获得疫苗以应对疫情并提供补充疫苗接种是必不可少的,如果我们要成为一个无vpd的区域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Entangled epidemics: tackling vaccine-preventable diseases in the era of frequent epidemics in Africa
Whilst the largely limited health system and funds are already overstretched while responding to multiple epidemics, ongoing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) including polio and measles continue to be a public health threat and expose the weaknesses of the public health system in many African countries. The surge in VPD outbreaks during epidemics appears to be a common trend in Africa, often due to reduced vaccination coverage. The World Health Organization reported that, in 2021, nearly 25 million children missed their first measles dose, 5 million more than in 2019. The drop in childhood immunizations was partly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic which has caused significant interruption in public health services delivery and reduced vaccination coverage. Vaccines help reduce the incidence of VPD. Therefore, effective VPD outbreak response mechanisms and strategies that include ramping up catch-up campaigns for immunization during epidemic troughs including the provision of vaccines outside clinics as well as assessing newer vaccine delivery models during pandemics are essential to minimize the impact of VPD outbreaks during emerging epidemics. Ensuring access to vaccines to address outbreaks and provide supplemental vaccination is essential if we are to be a VPD-free region.
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