{"title":"俄罗斯的自主创业:中小企业的发展或“车库经济”趋势","authors":"Vera Barinova, Aleksey Shestoperov, Yulia Tsareva","doi":"10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-136-163","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s experiment with legalization of self-employment has gone on for more than three years. The number of persons officially registered as self-employed exceeded five million by mid-2022, and they have been included in the employment statistics for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a target indicator for one of the national goals defined by the President of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in self-employment may not indicate a qualitative advance in the SME sector but may instead partially conceal a decline in the main indicators. The purpose of this article is to trace the principal trends and factors in the development of self-employment in Russia’s various regions, including a possible exodus of workers from SMEs to self-employment. Based on an econometric model, the article analyses the main factors that determine the development of self-employment in Russia’s regions: GRP per capita, average salary, unemployment, the economic structure, and human capital. The results indicate that self-employment in the regions is correlated with such negative economic factors as low salaries and GRP per capita, high unemployment, low-quality human capital, and less industrial productivity in the regional economy. The growth of self-employment is not accompanied by a qualitative advance in the SME sector. Analysis of current development trends for Russia’s SME sector has shown that the growth in selfemployment is due mostly to legalization of micro-businesses. During a crisis, self-employment becomes a way for entrepreneurs to maintain their income. The article proposes measures for supporting formal employment in the SME sector in order to help the self-employed create promising businesses.","PeriodicalId":43996,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomicheskaya politika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Self-Employment in Russia: The Development of the SME Sector or the “Garage Economy” Trend\",\"authors\":\"Vera Barinova, Aleksey Shestoperov, Yulia Tsareva\",\"doi\":\"10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-136-163\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Russia’s experiment with legalization of self-employment has gone on for more than three years. The number of persons officially registered as self-employed exceeded five million by mid-2022, and they have been included in the employment statistics for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a target indicator for one of the national goals defined by the President of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in self-employment may not indicate a qualitative advance in the SME sector but may instead partially conceal a decline in the main indicators. The purpose of this article is to trace the principal trends and factors in the development of self-employment in Russia’s various regions, including a possible exodus of workers from SMEs to self-employment. Based on an econometric model, the article analyses the main factors that determine the development of self-employment in Russia’s regions: GRP per capita, average salary, unemployment, the economic structure, and human capital. The results indicate that self-employment in the regions is correlated with such negative economic factors as low salaries and GRP per capita, high unemployment, low-quality human capital, and less industrial productivity in the regional economy. The growth of self-employment is not accompanied by a qualitative advance in the SME sector. Analysis of current development trends for Russia’s SME sector has shown that the growth in selfemployment is due mostly to legalization of micro-businesses. During a crisis, self-employment becomes a way for entrepreneurs to maintain their income. The article proposes measures for supporting formal employment in the SME sector in order to help the self-employed create promising businesses.\",\"PeriodicalId\":43996,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ekonomicheskaya politika\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ekonomicheskaya politika\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-136-163\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ECONOMICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ekonomicheskaya politika","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2023-3-136-163","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-Employment in Russia: The Development of the SME Sector or the “Garage Economy” Trend
Russia’s experiment with legalization of self-employment has gone on for more than three years. The number of persons officially registered as self-employed exceeded five million by mid-2022, and they have been included in the employment statistics for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a target indicator for one of the national goals defined by the President of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in self-employment may not indicate a qualitative advance in the SME sector but may instead partially conceal a decline in the main indicators. The purpose of this article is to trace the principal trends and factors in the development of self-employment in Russia’s various regions, including a possible exodus of workers from SMEs to self-employment. Based on an econometric model, the article analyses the main factors that determine the development of self-employment in Russia’s regions: GRP per capita, average salary, unemployment, the economic structure, and human capital. The results indicate that self-employment in the regions is correlated with such negative economic factors as low salaries and GRP per capita, high unemployment, low-quality human capital, and less industrial productivity in the regional economy. The growth of self-employment is not accompanied by a qualitative advance in the SME sector. Analysis of current development trends for Russia’s SME sector has shown that the growth in selfemployment is due mostly to legalization of micro-businesses. During a crisis, self-employment becomes a way for entrepreneurs to maintain their income. The article proposes measures for supporting formal employment in the SME sector in order to help the self-employed create promising businesses.
期刊介绍:
Ekonomicheskaya Politika is a broad-range economic journal devoted primarily to the study of the economic policy of present-day Russia as well as global economic problems. The subject matters of articles includes macroeconomic, fiscal, monetary, industrial, social, regulation and competition policyand more. The journal also publishes theoretical papers in such areas as political economy, general economic theory, welfare economics, law and economics,and institutional economics.. The character and the scope of economic problems studied in many publications require a multidisciplinary approach, consistent with the editorial policy of the journal. While the thematic scope of articles is generally related to Russia, the aim of editorial policy is to cover politico-economic processes in the modern world and international economic relations, as well. In addition, Ekonomicheskaya Politika publishes Russian translations of classical and significant modern works of foreign economists.