俄罗斯的自主创业:中小企业的发展或“车库经济”趋势

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS
Vera Barinova, Aleksey Shestoperov, Yulia Tsareva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄罗斯将个体经营合法化的实验已经进行了三年多。到2022年年中,正式登记为个体经营者的人数超过500万,并已纳入中小企业就业统计,这是俄罗斯联邦总统确定的国家目标之一的目标指标。但是,自营职业的增加可能并不表明中小企业部门在质量上有所提高,反而可能部分地掩盖了主要指标的下降。本文的目的是追踪俄罗斯各地区自主创业发展的主要趋势和因素,包括工人从中小企业到自主创业的可能外流。本文基于计量经济模型,分析了决定俄罗斯地区自主创业发展的主要因素:人均国内生产总值、平均工资、失业率、经济结构和人力资本。结果表明,区域自主创业与区域经济中工资水平低、人均国内生产总值低、失业率高、人力资本质量低、工业生产率低等负面经济因素相关。自营职业的增长并没有伴随着中小企业部门质量的提高。对俄罗斯中小企业部门当前发展趋势的分析表明,自营职业的增长主要是由于微型企业的合法化。在危机期间,自主创业成为企业家维持收入的一种方式。文章提出了支持中小企业正式就业的措施,以帮助个体经营者创造有前途的企业。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Self-Employment in Russia: The Development of the SME Sector or the “Garage Economy” Trend
Russia’s experiment with legalization of self-employment has gone on for more than three years. The number of persons officially registered as self-employed exceeded five million by mid-2022, and they have been included in the employment statistics for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are a target indicator for one of the national goals defined by the President of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in self-employment may not indicate a qualitative advance in the SME sector but may instead partially conceal a decline in the main indicators. The purpose of this article is to trace the principal trends and factors in the development of self-employment in Russia’s various regions, including a possible exodus of workers from SMEs to self-employment. Based on an econometric model, the article analyses the main factors that determine the development of self-employment in Russia’s regions: GRP per capita, average salary, unemployment, the economic structure, and human capital. The results indicate that self-employment in the regions is correlated with such negative economic factors as low salaries and GRP per capita, high unemployment, low-quality human capital, and less industrial productivity in the regional economy. The growth of self-employment is not accompanied by a qualitative advance in the SME sector. Analysis of current development trends for Russia’s SME sector has shown that the growth in selfemployment is due mostly to legalization of micro-businesses. During a crisis, self-employment becomes a way for entrepreneurs to maintain their income. The article proposes measures for supporting formal employment in the SME sector in order to help the self-employed create promising businesses.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Ekonomicheskaya Politika is a broad-range economic journal devoted primarily to the study of the economic policy of present-day Russia as well as global economic problems. The subject matters of articles includes macroeconomic, fiscal, monetary, industrial, social, regulation and competition policyand more. The journal also publishes theoretical papers in such areas as political economy, general economic theory, welfare economics, law and economics,and institutional economics.. The character and the scope of economic problems studied in many publications require a multidisciplinary approach, consistent with the editorial policy of the journal. While the thematic scope of articles is generally related to Russia, the aim of editorial policy is to cover politico-economic processes in the modern world and international economic relations, as well. In addition, Ekonomicheskaya Politika publishes Russian translations of classical and significant modern works of foreign economists.
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