儿童百日咳的流行病学方面

A.E. MASLYANINOVA, T.S. RADCHENKO, R.S. ARAKELYAN, A.R. KURBANGALIEVA
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摘要

目的:分析2020 - 2022年阿斯特拉罕地区儿童百日咳流行病学情况。方法:在观察期内,对阿斯特拉罕地区各医疗机构2020 - 2022年的33例儿童门诊病历进行分析。结果:百日咳发生在不同年龄的儿童中,但以1岁以下的婴儿多见:46% (n=15),幼儿和学龄前儿童(1 ~ 6岁)少见:42% (n=14),学龄儿童发病率最低:12% (n=4)。在阿斯特拉罕地区,与阿斯特拉罕市相反,一岁以下的病例率更高:62% (n=6);其次是1至6岁儿童:25% (n=2),学龄组病例较少:13% (n=1)。在检查的病例中,主要出现以下症状:痉挛性咳嗽(100%;N =33),虚弱(94%;N =31),鼻塞(58%;N =19),这是典型的百日咳经典病程。儿童中极为罕见的症状是强直阵挛性发作:6% (n=2)。在阿斯特拉罕地区没有记录非典型病程的百日咳病例。结论:近年来,阿斯特拉罕地区人群中百日咳感染的流行病学情况有改善的趋势。百日咳易感性是所有年龄段的特征,但最常见的是一岁以下的儿童受到影响。临床过程以百日咳的典型表现为主:痉挛性咳嗽、虚弱和鼻塞。重要的诊断标准是有无咳后呕吐和无发热。儿童感染的主要原因是由于各种医疗情况或父母拒绝接种疫苗。关键词:百日咳,儿童,疫苗接种,接种日历,发病率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological aspects of pertussis (whooping cough) in the Astrakhan region among children in the period from 2020 to 2022. Methods: During the observation period, 33 children’s outpatient medical records between 2020 and 2022 from various medical institutions in the Astrakhan region were analyzed. Results: Whooping cough affected children of different ages but was more common in infants (younger than 1 year): 46% (n=15), slightly less common in toddlers and preschoolers (1 to 6 years of age): 42% (n=14), while the rate of school-aged children was the lowest: 12% (n=4). In the Astrakhan region, contrary to the city of Astrakhan, the rate of cases under one year of age was higher: 62% (n=6); followed by children 1 to 6 years of age: 25% (n=2), with rarer cases in the school-aged group: 13% (n=1). Among the examined cases the following symptoms prevailed: spasmodic cough (100%; n=33), weakness (94%; n=31), and nasal congestion (58%; n=19), which are typical for the classic course of whooping cough. An extremely rare symptom among children was tonic-clonic seizures: 6% (n=2). No cases of whooping cough with atypical courses have been recorded in the Astrakhan region. Conclusion: Over the past few years, the epidemiological situation with whooping cough infection among the population of the Astrakhan region tended to improve. Susceptibility to whooping cough was characteristic of all ages, but most often children under one year of age were affected. The clinical course was dominated by classical manifestations of pertussis: spasmodic cough, weakness, and nasal congestion. Important diagnostic criteria were the presence of posttussive vomiting and the absence of fever. The main reason for infection among children was non-vaccination due to various medical circumstances or parental refusal. Keywords: Whooping cough, children, vaccination, vaccination calendar, morbidity.
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