历史叙事:宣传、战争、和解政治

Svitlana LOZNYTSIA
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了在官方宣传层面上对历史和现代战争事件的感知和理解的三个维度。第一,它表明这种宣传的后果是暴力的各种表现,特别是在许多情况下出现镇压性政权和战争。其次,本文提出了“和解政治”的问题,其解释基础是冲突或敌对行动的参与者对历史事件的妥协解读。由于宣传不仅可以影响国家间的关系,而且最重要的是服务于国内政策形成的需要,因此本文作者还关注了对一个国家内部历史事件的解释。在这种背景下,宣传者探索了“积极阅读自己的历史”的概念,即他们将注意力集中在那些对社会生活产生积极影响的事件上。另一种主要思想是“民族统一政策”,它被宣传用来维持国家的团结。文章的结论是研究宣传现象的相关性,特别是由于现代社交媒体带来的新机遇。作者强调了对事件的宣传解释能够迷惑和吸引公民,这将在很大程度上影响一个人在选举中支持哪个政治力量。因此,有必要制定一个明确的策略来解释历史事件,从各种信息扭曲的表现中过滤大众媒体空间。毕竟,在国家形成的过程中,除其他事项外,还包括实施一系列旨在建立民族统一的措施,即“民族统一政策”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
HISTORICAL NARRATIVES: PROPAGANDA, WAR, POLITICS OF RECONCILIATION
The article examines three dimensions of the interpretation of both historical and modern war events as they are perceived and undretstood at the level of official propaganda. First, it indicates that consequences of such propaganda are various manifestations of violence, and particular in many cases the emergence of repressive regimes and wars. Second, the article raises the issue of “politics of reconciliation”, the interpretive basis of which is a compromise reading of historical events by participants of conflicts or hostilities. Since propaganda can affect not only interstate relations, but, above all, serve the need for domestic policy formation, the author of the article also pays attention to the interpretation of historical events within a country. In this context, the propagandists explore the idea of “positive reading of one’s own history”, i.e. they are focusing attention on those events that had a positive impact on the life of society. The other leading idea, which is used by propaganda to maintain unity in the state, is the idea of “policy of national unity.” The article concludes about the relevance of study of the phenomenon of propaganda, in particular due to new opportunities developed by modern social media. The author emphasizes the ability of propagandistic interpretations of events to disorient and engage citizens that will largely efect on which political forces a person will support in electoral races. Therefore, there is a need to develop a clear strategy for interpreting the events of history, filtering the mass media space from various manifestations of information distortion. And after all, the process of state formation involves, among other things, the implementation of a number of measures aimed at establishing national unity, i.e. «policy of national unity».
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