基于mems的OBN:从全球最大的OBN调查中获得的经验教训

Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Nicolas Tellier, Philippe Herrmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管拖曳测量的数量有所回升,但OBN (Ocean Bottom Node)地震项目在拖曳测量方面的市场份额继续增加。在OBN采集中,每个节点都配备了一个压力传感器(水听器)和三个运动传感器(通常是地震检波器)。然而,已有近百年历史的检波器技术存在某些固有的缺点,会降低记录的信号。检波器的性能由于制造公差、老化和温度变化而偏离参考规范。例如,对于通常用于OBN采集的15 hz全倾斜检波器,在其制造公差范围内,响应的幅度变化达到3 dB,相位变化达到10度。这些传感器响应的不确定性在实践中特别难以建模和纠正,并导致最终的数据传感器伪像。地震检波器对重力场的不敏感也需要使用额外的倾斜计来使3C垂直化,从而导致与这两个设备的相对方向有关的问题。如今,基于MEMS(微机电系统)的数字地震加速度计已被证明是震波检波器的高保真替代品。它们的规格不受温度、老化或制造公差的影响,因此记录的信号在整个地震带宽内的相位和幅度都是准确的。由于MEMS可以检测重力矢量,将这种传感技术集成到OBN中表明,3C MEMS提供的地震信号在没有预处理的情况下具有真正的垂直性,并且矢量保真度误差(三个传感器之间的正交误差)比3C检波器低一个数量级。最新的第三代MEMS出色的低频性能也非常适合获得新型低频源的全部优势(Ronen 2017),并以这种方式进一步推动FWI的限制。这一点与其他MEMS特性一起,使该传感器成为OBN采集增长的强大驱动力-特别是对于稀疏或混合采集,其中传感器保真度比以往任何时候都重要。在撰写本文时,世界上最大的OBN调查正在中东地区继续进行,并开始从部署的23,000个基于mems的OBN中提供有前景的数据集。本文介绍并讨论了这次大型调查的观察结果,以及先前的实验调查,其中包括与基于检波器的OBN的直接比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MEMS-based OBN: Lessons Learnt from the Largest OBN Survey Worldwide
Despite a recovery in the number of towed-streamer surveys being conducted, OBN (Ocean Bottom Node) seismic projects continue to take an increasing market share over towed-streamer surveys. In OBN acquisition, each node is equipped with a pressure sensor (hydrophone) and three motion sensors (typically, geophones). The nearly-a-century-old geophone technology has, however, certain inherent shortcomings that degrade the recorded signal. Geophone performance deviates from reference specifications due to manufacturing tolerances, ageing and changes in temperature. As an example, for 15-Hz omnitilt geophones, as commonly used in OBN acquisitions, the variation in response reaches 3 dB in amplitude and 10 degrees in phase within their range of manufacturing tolerances. These uncertainties in sensor response prove particularly difficult to model and correct for in practice and result in final data sensor artefacts. The insensitivity of geophones to the gravity field also requires the use of additional tilt meters for the verticalisation of the 3C with resulting issues related to the relative orientations of these two pieces of equipment. Today, MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical Systems)-based digital seismic accelerometers have proved to be the high-fidelity alternative to geophones. Their specifications are not affected by temperature, ageing or manufacturing tolerances, making the recorded signal accurate in phase and amplitude with the seismic signal over the entire seismic bandwidth. As MEMS can detect the gravity vector, the integration of this sensing technology into OBN has demonstrated that 3C MEMS provide, without pre-processing, seismic signal with true verticality, and a vector fidelity error (error in orthogonality between the three sensors) that is an order of magnitude lower than for 3C geophones. The excellent low-frequency performance of the latest, third-generation MEMS is also ideal for reaping the full benefit of novel low-frequency sources (Ronen 2017), and in this way pushing back further the limits of FWI. This, along with other MEMS properties, makes this sensor a strong driver for the growth of OBN acquisition – especially for sparse or blended acquisition, where sensor fidelity matters more than ever. At the time of writing, the world’s largest OBN survey is continuing in the Middle East and is starting to deliver a promising dataset from the 23,000 MEMS-based OBNs deployed. Observations from this mega-survey, as well as from a previous experimental survey that includes direct comparisons with geophone-based OBN, are presented and discussed in this article.
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来源期刊
First Break
First Break Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
1.40
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0.00%
发文量
98
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