The natural regeneration characteristics in oak forests following different methods of clearcutting

An important task for Ukrainian foresters is to adapt forests to climate change and ensure sustainable forest management. One key measure for achieving this goal is the natural regeneration of tree species, which contributes to the biological resilience of forest stands. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of different methods of main use fellings on the natural regeneration process of tree species in oak forests. The study was conducted within the territory of the Stradch Forestry Educational and Production Complex of the Ukrainian National Forestry University. Data on the quantity and height of oak seedlings and saplings, and other tree species, were collected through observation after various methods of main use fellings were applied in oak forests. An analytical method was applied to detect patterns and differences in quantitative and qualitative indicators of young trees of different species in sample plots. Statistical data analysis was employed to establish relationships and draw conclusions based on numerical data. Different success rates of natural regeneration of tree species were identified on plots subjected to various methods of main use fellings. Positive dynamics in the quantity of seedlings and saplings were observed due to first intervention of the uniform shelterwood felling, ranging from unsatisfactory to good levels. It is recognised that the distribution of seedlings and saplings of all tree species was uneven across the area. Hornbeam has the highest frequency of occurrence – 75.6%. Tree species like Scots pine, European birch, and goat willow exhibited occurrence frequencies ranging from 30.8% to 39.7%. In general, in all the studied areas, the undergrowth of tree species was dominated by a small fraction up to 20 cm of height. To ensure the prevalence of pedunculate oak in naturally formed young stands, silvicultural care for its saplings is necessary on all plots. The obtained results provide a basis for developing scientifically grounded forest management measures aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of valuable tree species’ saplings, particularly pedunculate oak