灰铸铁的硬度和其他性能与碳当量和共晶度的关系

К. A. Sirenko, V. L. Mazur, D. О. Derecha
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据DSTU 8833:2019对不同牌号СЧ100 ~ СЧА400的层状石墨非合金和低合金灰铸铁铸件的化学成分、碳当量和性能进行了分析。在复合材料(橡胶混合物)制刹车片的技术条件中,特别是生产铸铁镶片的技术条件中,有对这种铸铁的参考。铁路运输的其他产品也由铸铁制成СЧ350,例如,摩擦“汉宁楔”。结果表明,在工业批次的“可汗楔”中,由铸铁СЧ350铸造而成,硬度既与铸铁化学成分中的元素含量无关,也与碳当量无关,因为即使在同一等级的铸铁中,其值的范围也很窄。根据DSTU 8833:2019,随着碳当量在可能的调节范围内(%)从3.03增加到4.54,HB的布氏硬度单调降低约1.54…1.57,导热系数增加近1.5倍。将CH350铸铁化学成分中的硫含量从0.20%降低到0.05%,显著降低了碳当量的分散范围。采用蒙特卡罗方法测定了СЧ100 ~ СЧА400牌号层状石墨铸铁化学成分的碳当量和共晶度的参数(平均值、均方差和变异系数)。结果表明,根据DSTU 8833:2019,由于从СЧ100到СЧА400等级的层状石墨铸铁的化学成分、硬度、导热系数、强度、密度、弹性模量、线收缩率、热容量、线膨胀系数的碳当量值的显著分散,在复合刹车片的技术条件中,有必要从指定的铸铁等级表中确定和规定用于制造这种刹车片中的镶片的特定铸铁等级。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dependence of hardness and other properties of gray iron on its carbon equivalent and degree of eutecticity
The chemical composition, carbon equivalent and properties of castings from unalloyed and low-alloyed gray irons with lamellar graphite of various grades from СЧ100 to СЧА400 were analyzed in accordance with DSTU 8833:2019. There is a reference to such cast iron in the technical conditions for brake pads made of composite materials (rubber mixtures), in particular, for the production of cast iron inserts. Other products for railway transport are also made from cast iron СЧ350, for example, the friction “Khanin wedge”. It is shown that in industrial batches of the “Khanin wedge”, cast from cast iron СЧ350, the hardness did not correlate either with the content of elements in the chemical composition of the cast iron, or with the carbon equivalent due to the narrow range of its values even within the cast iron of the same grade. According to DSTU 8833:2019, with an increase in the carbon equivalent in the possible regulated range of values (%) from 3.03 to 4.54, the Brinell hardness of HB monotonically decreases by approximately 1.54...1.57, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases by almost one and a half times. Reducing the sulfur content in the chemical composition from 0.20 to 0.05 % of CH350 cast iron significantly reduces the range of dispersion of the carbon equivalent. The parameters (mean values, mean square deviations and coefficients of variation) of the carbon equivalent and the degree of eutecticity of the chemical composition of cast irons with lamellar graphite of brands from СЧ100 to СЧА400 were determined by means of statistical tests using the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that due to the significant dispersion of the values of the carbon equivalent of the chemical composition, hardness, coefficient of thermal conductivity, strength, density, modulus of elasticity, linear shrinkage, heat capacity, coefficient of linear expansion of cast iron with lamellar graphite of grades from СЧ100 to СЧА400 according to DSTU 8833:2019, it is necessary from the specified list grades of cast iron to determine and regulate in the technical conditions for composite brake pads a specific grade of cast iron intended for the manufacture of inserts in such pads.
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