Exploration on the Operation Path of the Specialization and Institutionalization of Juvenile Courts

The development of juvenile courts has experienced nearly 40 years of challenges, transformations, and restructuring, at times encountering developmental bottlenecks. This article conducts a comparative analysis of several operational models of juvenile courts currently under focus in judicial practice and theoretical discussions. It examines the prospects of juvenile court development from the perspectives of specialization and institutionalization and explores the integration model of juvenile and family court proceedings along with its specific construction path. Based on these considerations, the article proposes suggestions for the institutionalization of juvenile court operations, including organizational structure, case jurisdiction, and social support systems.