A Comprehensive Review: Mitigating Techniques for Power Variability Due to Integration of Renewable Energy Sources With Grid

Renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines are becoming more important for generating power. The inconsistent and unreliable output of solar panels and wind turbines is due to factors like clouds, weather conditions, and wind speed that cause their energy production to fluctuate. Connecting intermittent sources to the utility grid creates difficulties in different technical areas, such as ensuring a steady and reliable power supply, protecting the system from disruptions, controlling the distribution of generated power, and maintaining a consistent level of power quality. In this situation, adjusting the amount of electricity produced by an intermittent energy source to keep the power grid stable is essential. This issue must be resolved as soon as possible. The extension to these locations diminishes the grid's strength. It leads to a scenario where a solar power plant is integrated into a subpar electric grid. However, integrating solar power into a shoddy AC infrastructure has problems with power quality (PQ) problems, which restricts penetration levels. This review article suggests various FACTS devices and various conventional, adaptive, and AI-based algorithms to reduce PQ issues brought on by a weak grid and increase renewable energy source (RES) penetration levels. This paper discusses the PQ issues that occur when RES like solar power plants (SPP) and wind power plants (WPP) or both as hybrid are connected to the electrical grid. It also explores different ways to reduce the fluctuation in power output from the solar panels. It analyzes the numerous power quality issues that arise with solar penetration and PQ mitigation methods using several FACTS devices and control algorithms, including traditional control, adaptive control, and AI-based control algorithms. For the benefit of engineers and academics working in this field of study, various research publications have been carefully evaluated, organized, and placed on this paper for convenient reference. It also briefly discusses the plan for controlling battery storage system for solve this problem.