Network infrastructure construction and heterogeneous enterprise innovation quasi-natural experiment based on “Broadband China”

Based on the technology choice model proposed by Bustos (2011) and the infrastructure spillover model developed by Dugga (1999), this paper aims to explore the multifaceted effects of network infrastructure construction on both radical and incremental enterprise innovation, while considering the micro perspective of enterprise and industry heterogeneity. The findings of this study uncover the following significant insights: (1) The implementation of network infrastructure construction exerts a substantial positive impact on both radical and incremental innovation within enterprises, affirming its crucial role in fostering innovation capabilities; (2) In the context of firm heterogeneity, the impact of network infrastructure construction on fostering radical and incremental innovation is particularly pronounced among medium-sized and large-scale enterprises, as well as state-owned enterprises; (3) Network infrastructure construction stimulates radical innovation primarily among local enterprises, whereas export-oriented enterprises tend to benefit more from incremental innovation; (4) When considering industry heterogeneity, the analysis demonstrates that network infrastructure construction fosters radical innovation in industries characterized by high concentration, intense competition, and advanced technology. On the other hand, in industries with low concentration and limited competition, network infrastructure construction tends to facilitate incremental innovation within enterprises. (5) Moreover, the study finds that the impact of network infrastructure construction on enterprise innovation is mediated by talent structure and financing constraints. These factors serve as crucial conduits through which network infrastructure construction facilitates both radical and incremental innovation. Furthermore, the paper acknowledges that the digital transformation of enterprises partially regulates these channels. Overall, this research offers valuable insights for enterprises in developing countries aiming to strengthen various forms of innovation in the digital era.