Estimating the received solar irradiances by traditional vaulted roofs using optimized neural networks and transfer learning

Traditional vaulted roof-forms have long been utilized in hot-desert climate for better indoor environmental quality. Unprecedently, this research investigates the possible contribution of machine learning to estimate the received solar irradiances by those roofs, based on simulation-derived training and testing datasets, where two algorithms were used to reduce their higher-dimensionality. Then, four models of ordinary least-squares and artificial neural networks were developed. Their ability to accurately estimate solar irradiances was confirmed, with R 2 of 95.599–98.794% and RMSE of 12.437–23.909 Wh/m 2 . Transfer Learning was also applied to pass the stored knowledge of the best-performing model into another one for estimating the performance of new roof-forms. The results demonstrated that transferred models could provide better estimations with R 2 of 87.416–97.889% and RMSE of 79.300–13.971 Wh/m 2 , compared to un-transferred models. Machine learning shall redefine the practice of building performance, providing architects with flexibility to rapidly make informed decisions during the early design stages.