Risk Countermeasure Portfolio Management for Remote Learning Based on Lecture Type

The rapid development of ICT has ushered in various new approaches to remote Learning. Measures to improve the quality of higher education have been explored by surveying and analyzing the actual situation in other countries and the implementation methods and systems of advanced initiatives. Due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020, teleworking has been implemented in companies and remote learning in universities and other educational institutions to control the spread of infection. For university classes, sessions that would normally be conducted face-to-face are increasingly being conducted remotely, but there are various risks and challenges inherent in this approach. These risks have caused anxiety and dissatisfaction among both students and faculty, and in some cases have prevented the smooth implementation of classes. This paper proposes and evaluates specific countermeasures by conducting a risk assessment of remote learning for universities. Specifically, we conducted risk assessments for two main types of remote learning: on-demand and live-streaming. Then, on the basis of the results, we developed countermeasures such as the enhancement of environmental facilities (for the ondemand type) and privacy-conscious countermeasures (for the live-streaming type). We also clarified the effectiveness of the proposed measures by comparing the risk values before and after their implementation. Finally, we constructed a portfolio of risk countermeasure proposals from the practical viewpoint of operability and developed guidelines for a phased introduction of the system. Our study will contribute to the safe and secure operation of remote learning in the future.