Discrimination between Inrush and Internal Fault Currents in Power Transformers Using Hyperbolic S-Transform

Numerous methods exist to distinguish between inrush current and internal faults, but these approaches have not yet become practical due to their inherent limitations. As a result, conventional methods, despite their well-known drawbacks, continue to be widely used in practice. In this paper, a new method based on time-frequency analysis is presented for detecting inrush current situations. To do this, a diverse array of scenarios involving a power transformer switching ON and internal fault cases are simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Then, a hyperbolic S-transformer is employed to extract a determining index from the simulation results. Finally, a suitable threshold value for this index is computed so that inrush current can be distinguished from fault current by comparing the index with its threshold. Evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed method using simulation and real data confirms its excellent accuracy. Therefore, it can be used in algorithms for power transformer differential protection to improve their stability during inrush current transients.