2022年2月3-4日地磁风暴期间热层密度增强的经验和理论模型比较

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Jianhui He, Elvira Astafyeva, Xinan Yue, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Dong Lin, Timothy J. Fuller‐Rowell, Mariangel Fedrizzi, Mihail Codrescu, Eelco Doornbos, Christian Siemes, Sean Bruinsma, Frederic Pitout, Adam Kubaryk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2022年2月3日,UTC时间18:13,SpaceX发射并在短时间内部署了49颗星链卫星,轨道高度在210至320公里之间。这些卫星本应进一步提高到550公里的高度。然而,这次部署发生在一次中等地磁风暴的主要阶段,第二天又发生了一次中等地磁风暴。由此造成的大气阻力增加导致49颗卫星中的38颗在随后几天内重新进入大气层。在这项工作中,我们使用观测和模拟来对这次风暴期间的热层条件进行详细的调查。Swarm - A(当地时间09/21 ~ 438 km)和重力恢复和气候实验后续(06/18 LT ~ 505 km)任务在更高海拔的观测表明,在风暴的主要阶段,中性质量密度分别增加了110%和120%。风暴时间增强扩展到中低纬度地区,北半球增强。为了进一步研究热层的变化,我们使用了六个经验和第一性原理数值模型。我们发现模型捕获了上层和下层热层的变化,然而,它们模拟的密度增强差异高达70%。此外,模型显示,在Starlink卫星的低轨道高度(即200-300 km),全球平均风暴时间密度增强高达35%-60%。虽然这种风暴的影响远远不是最大的,但它们似乎是38颗卫星重返大气层的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparison of Empirical and Theoretical Models of the Thermospheric Density Enhancement During the 3–4 February 2022 Geomagnetic Storm
Abstract On 3 February 2022, at 18:13 UTC, SpaceX launched and a short time later deployed 49 Starlink satellites at an orbit altitude between 210 and 320 km. The satellites were meant to be further raised to 550 km. However, the deployment took place during the main phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm, and another moderate storm occurred on the next day. The resulting increase in atmospheric drag led to 38 out of the 49 satellites reentering the atmosphere in the following days. In this work, we use both observations and simulations to perform a detailed investigation of the thermospheric conditions during this storm. Observations at higher altitudes, by Swarm‐A (∼438 km, 09/21 Local Time [LT]) and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (∼505 km, 06/18 LT) missions show that during the main phase of the storms the neutral mass density increased by 110% and 120%, respectively. The storm‐time enhancement extended to middle and low latitudes and was stronger in the northern hemisphere. To further investigate the thermospheric variations, we used six empirical and first‐principle numerical models. We found the models captured the upper and lower thermosphere changes, however, their simulated density enhancements differ by up to 70%. Further, the models showed that at the low orbital altitudes of the Starlink satellites (i.e., 200–300 km) the global averaged storm‐time density enhancement reached up to ∼35%–60%. Although such storm effects are far from the largest, they seem to be responsible for the reentry of the 38 satellites.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
29.70%
发文量
166
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications (SWE) is devoted to understanding and forecasting space weather. The scope of understanding and forecasting includes: origins, propagation and interactions of solar-produced processes within geospace; interactions in Earth’s space-atmosphere interface region produced by disturbances from above and below; influences of cosmic rays on humans, hardware, and signals; and comparisons of these types of interactions and influences with the atmospheres of neighboring planets and Earth’s moon. Manuscripts should emphasize impacts on technical systems including telecommunications, transportation, electric power, satellite navigation, avionics/spacecraft design and operations, human spaceflight, and other systems. Manuscripts that describe models or space environment climatology should clearly state how the results can be applied.
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