Jeongheon Kim, Young-Sil Kwak, Changsup Lee, Jaewook Lee, Hosik Kam, Tae-Yong Yang, Geonhwa Jee, YongHa Kim
{"title":"在极端地磁风暴期间,热层风和成分变化的观测证据以及在欧洲扇区产生的电离层扰动","authors":"Jeongheon Kim, Young-Sil Kwak, Changsup Lee, Jaewook Lee, Hosik Kam, Tae-Yong Yang, Geonhwa Jee, YongHa Kim","doi":"10.1051/swsc/2023025","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"On November 1st and 2nd, 2021, four Halo coronal mass ejections were ejected from the Sun, releasing billions of tons of high-energy particles into interplanetary space. These were directed towards the Earth and reached our planet on November 3rd and 4th, 2021, generating the first G3-level extreme geomagnetic storm since the beginning of the 25th solar cycle. In this study, we investigate the thermospheric and ionospheric responses in the European sector to a G3-level storm using various observational data from Fabry-Perot interferometer, Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON/MIGHTI), and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI). The results show positive ionospheric storms in the middle and low latitudes of Europe which may be associated with the equatorward and westward neutral winds induced by heating in the polar region. In contrast, negative storms were detected at high latitudes in association with the increase in thermospheric density (upwelling). These two antithetical responses were confirmed by using European ionosonde and total electron contents (TEC) observation chains distributed over a wide range of latitudes. Finally, we, for the first time, attempt to identify the imaginary boundary line between the two responses.","PeriodicalId":17034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Observational evidence of thermospheric wind and composition changes and the resulting ionospheric disturbances in the European sector during extreme geomagnetic storms\",\"authors\":\"Jeongheon Kim, Young-Sil Kwak, Changsup Lee, Jaewook Lee, Hosik Kam, Tae-Yong Yang, Geonhwa Jee, YongHa Kim\",\"doi\":\"10.1051/swsc/2023025\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"On November 1st and 2nd, 2021, four Halo coronal mass ejections were ejected from the Sun, releasing billions of tons of high-energy particles into interplanetary space. These were directed towards the Earth and reached our planet on November 3rd and 4th, 2021, generating the first G3-level extreme geomagnetic storm since the beginning of the 25th solar cycle. In this study, we investigate the thermospheric and ionospheric responses in the European sector to a G3-level storm using various observational data from Fabry-Perot interferometer, Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON/MIGHTI), and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI). The results show positive ionospheric storms in the middle and low latitudes of Europe which may be associated with the equatorward and westward neutral winds induced by heating in the polar region. In contrast, negative storms were detected at high latitudes in association with the increase in thermospheric density (upwelling). These two antithetical responses were confirmed by using European ionosonde and total electron contents (TEC) observation chains distributed over a wide range of latitudes. Finally, we, for the first time, attempt to identify the imaginary boundary line between the two responses.\",\"PeriodicalId\":17034,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate\",\"volume\":\"18 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2023025\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2023025","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Observational evidence of thermospheric wind and composition changes and the resulting ionospheric disturbances in the European sector during extreme geomagnetic storms
On November 1st and 2nd, 2021, four Halo coronal mass ejections were ejected from the Sun, releasing billions of tons of high-energy particles into interplanetary space. These were directed towards the Earth and reached our planet on November 3rd and 4th, 2021, generating the first G3-level extreme geomagnetic storm since the beginning of the 25th solar cycle. In this study, we investigate the thermospheric and ionospheric responses in the European sector to a G3-level storm using various observational data from Fabry-Perot interferometer, Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON/MIGHTI), and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI). The results show positive ionospheric storms in the middle and low latitudes of Europe which may be associated with the equatorward and westward neutral winds induced by heating in the polar region. In contrast, negative storms were detected at high latitudes in association with the increase in thermospheric density (upwelling). These two antithetical responses were confirmed by using European ionosonde and total electron contents (TEC) observation chains distributed over a wide range of latitudes. Finally, we, for the first time, attempt to identify the imaginary boundary line between the two responses.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (SWSC) is an international multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open access journal which publishes papers on all aspects of space weather and space climate from a broad range of scientific and technical fields including solar physics, space plasma physics, aeronomy, planetology, radio science, geophysics, biology, medicine, astronautics, aeronautics, electrical engineering, meteorology, climatology, mathematics, economy, informatics.