Modified acetylenic steroids as potent mechanism-based inhibitors of cytochrome P-450SCC

Synthesized 20-(4-tetrahydropyranyl-1-butynyloxy)-5-pregnen-3α,20β-diol [steroid I] and 20-(3-tetrahydropyranyl-1-propargyloxy)-5-pregnen-3α,20β-diol [steroid III] have been found to inactivate purified adrenocortical cytochrome P-450_SCC. When incubated with the enzyme under turnover conditions, steroid I inactivated cytochrome P-450_SCC by about 85% in 40 min. This is in contrast to the free triol analog, steroid II which inactivated the enzyme by only 45% within the same incubation period. A comparison of steroid III with its free triol analog, steroid IV, also showed that the diol is a more effective inactivator of the enzyme than the triol. The partition ratio was calculated by two different methods. Each of the steroids I–IV bound to the enzyme with spectrophotometric dissociation constant (K_s) in the micromolar range, producing Type II low spin spectra changes during titration of the enzyme. In addition, it was found that the binding of each of the compounds to the enzyme occurred without inactivation of the enzyme and that the inactivation under turnover condition, is not as a result of conversion to the denatured P-420 species. This demonstrated that steroids I and III could correctly be designated as mechanism-based (suicide) inhibitors. The kinetic studies demonstrated that steroids with the tetrahydropyranyl substituent are more potent inhibitors of cytochrome P-450_SCC as shown by an initial turnover rate of 0.06 min⁻¹, an inactivation rate constant of 0.05 min⁻¹, and a partition ratio of about 1.0 for steroid I. Based on our finding, possible mechanisms of inactivation of cytochrome P-450_SCC by these acetylenic steroids are propsoed.