从原体模型看灵长类神经系统结构的扩展模式

Sara Ruiz-Cabrera, Isabel Pérez-Santos, Josefa Zaldivar-Diez, Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类和非人类灵长类动物中枢神经系统结构的扩展一直是古典和当代比较脊椎动物神经解剖学研究的首要问题。这些研究可以受益于原体模型中的框架数据分析,该模型定义了包括哺乳动物在内的所有脊椎动物物种的共同包氏体。根据该模型,脊椎动物神经系统由几个基本形态单位(FMUs)组成,这些单位由特征基因表达谱定义和描绘。因此,神经结构的扩张可以追溯到异慢性神经发生、细胞谱系规范和相应fmu中的轴突生长。在本文中,我们举例说明使用Prosomeric模型作为适当的理论框架来分析灵长类动物与啮齿类动物相比大脑和小脑皮质、脑桥核、纹状体、黑质纹状体多巴胺能系统、丘脑和杏仁核的扩张。我们描述了灵长类动物与啮齿动物这些结构的定量(体积和神经元数量)和定性(细胞结构和细胞类型差异)扩张,并定义了不同的扩张模式。然后,我们将这些模式与发育的主要事件(规范)和组织发生的次要事件(如神经发生)联系起来。我们的结论是,对大鼠、灵长类动物和其他哺乳动物中每个FMU初级和次级发育事件的分子调控进行系统分析,可以为确定本文中描述的扩展模式的因果机制提供必要的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Expansion modes of primate nervous system structures in the light of the Prosomeric Model
The expansion of human and non-human primate central nervous system structures has been a paramount question for classic and contemporary studies in comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy. These studies can benefit from framing data analysis within the Prosomeric Model, which defines a common Bauplan for all vertebrate species, including mammals. According to this model, the vertebrate nervous system is composed of several Fundamental Morphological Units (FMUs) that are defined and delineated by characteristic gene expression profiles. Thus, the expansion of neural structures can be traced back to heterochronic neurogenesis, cell lineage specification, and axon growth in their corresponding FMUs. In the present article, we exemplify the use of the Prosomeric Model as the proper theoretical framework for analyzing the expansion of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, the pontine nuclei, the striatum, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, the thalamus, and the amygdala in primates compared to rodents. We describe the quantitative (volume and neuron number) and qualitative (cytoarchitectonic and cell type differences) expansion of these structures in primates versus rodents and define different expansion modes. Then, we relate these modes to the developmental primary events of specification and secondary events of histogenesis, like neurogenesis. We conclude that the systematic analysis of the molecular regulation of primary and secondary developmental events in each FMU in rats, primates, and other mammals could provide the necessary insight to identify the causal mechanisms of the expansion modes described in the present article.
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