MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BASAL LAMINAS OF ENTERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURES IN CHRONIC SLOW TRANSIT CONSTIPATION

BACKGROUND: Studies on basal lamins (BL) in the enteric nervous system are few and are carried out on experimental models, performed on animals. The structure and localization of BL, their cellular sources of origin in the gastrointestinal tract in normal and pathological conditions remain poorly studied.AIM: Study of morphological features and distribution of BL in human colon tissues and their changes in pathology.METHODS: Fragments of the large intestine, obtained as a result of surgery for chronic slow-transit constipation, were studied. The marker of BL, collagenIV, as well as neuronal and glial IHC-markers (PGP9.5 protein, GFAP, S100) were used in the work.RESULTS: It has been shown that the greatest immunoreactivity within the intestinal wall is observed in the myenteric membrane, weak - in the vessels of the submucosa, locally expressed - in the subepithelial region of the mucous membrane. BLs were found around the smooth muscle cells of the longitudinal and concentric layers of the muscular membrane, mucous membrane, veins and arteries, as well as in the endothelium. It has been shown that the Auerbach's plexus is delimited from closely adjacent muscle layers of a continuous BM, similar to the basal plate (glia limitans) of the CNS. It is clearly defined by its appearance - it has the form of a continuous hollow tubular structure. The sources of the formation of the BL around the ganglia of Auerbach and Meissner's plexuses are various glial elements. In the first plexus, astrocyte-like and non-myelinated Schwann cells, and in the second plexus, glia of the ANS (satellite cells and neurolemmocytes of postganglionic nerve fibers).CONCLUSION: For the first time, the transition of BL from the Auerbach's plexus to numerous basal plates of neurolemmocytes of the Remakov fibers of the main terminal nerve plexus, which are involved in the innervation of the smooth muscle cells of the muscular membrane, is shown. Signs of dystrophic changes in the BL structure associated with changes in chronic slow transit constipation (edema, inflammatory reactions, manifestations of agangliosis, gliosis, focal denervation of muscle cells, degeneration of nerve endings) are shown in the work.