迈向新的人口贩运战略:Ps范式核心的主动性

Q3 Social Sciences
J.J.M. Van Rij
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多年来,打击人口贩运的主要方法一直是4p范式。预防、保护、起诉和伙伴关系一直是打击人口贩运领域许多工作的主导方向。预防是首要目标,因为反贩运运动的目标是彻底根除犯罪本身。保护的目的是通过减少风险和使重新融入社会成为可能来加强受害者的地位。提高对人口贩运者的起诉成功率应有助于阻止犯罪的发生,并预见对所涉受害者的赔偿。伙伴关系是一种手段,因为人口贩运是一种影响所有人的罪行,因此所有人都应在打击人口贩运的斗争中承担责任。尽管这种模式塑造了打击人口贩运的斗争,但其效果因时间和地点而异,但(积极)效果似乎正在减弱。在国际咨询机构的推动下,贩运人口罪行的定义在法律上不断变化,领导层的变化和重点挑战的变化需要在愿景和工作上进行必要的调整,以便在打击贩运人口的斗争中保持成功。适应的方法之一是掌握更好的信息,了解各种类型的人口贩运如何在社会中表现出来。这可以通过解释适用的作案手法、评估犯罪的性质和范围以及不断重新思考预防和起诉的有效性来实现。从这个意义上说,4p范式需要一个应得的更新,通过使用过去的结果和影响的知识,将实践中实施4p范式的可能性概念化。前进的道路是将四个P范式从其目前如何实施和使用的被动方式中解放出来,并通过在四个P的每个中心应用主动性来更新其价值,并回到范式的初始目标,即采取有效的全面综合方法来打击人口贩运。为了支持这一进步,本文将逐一检视四个p,并试图将它们从目前使用的被动方式中解放出来,为参与打击人口贩运的不同合作伙伴积极落实思想、理念和方法。本文讨论了为支持Ps范式的目标而转向主动方法的必要性,并通过使用实际示例,试图深入了解在当前条件和可用方法下可能发生的事情。同时,它对打击人口贩运的一些基本要素和4p范式的使用提出了建设性的批评。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards a New Human Trafficking Strategy: Proactivity at the Heart of the Ps Paradigm
For years the main approach in the fight against human trafficking has been that of the four P paradigm. Prevention, protection, prosecution, and partnerships have been leading the way for many working in the field of anti-human trafficking. Prevention being the primary goal as the anti-trafficking movement aims for a total eradication of the crime itself. Protection is aimed at strengthening the position of the victim by reducing risk and by making resocialisation possible. Improving the success rate of the prosecution of human traffickers should help deter the crime from happening and foresee in reparations for the victims involved. Partnerships are a means as human trafficking is a crime that effects all and therefore all should take responsibility in the fight against human trafficking. Even though this paradigm shapes the fight against human trafficking, the effects differ over time and location but the (positive) effects are seemingly decreasing. The crime of human trafficking, due to the legal construction of its definition, continues changing strategies fuelled by international advising bodies, change in leadership and challenges in focus requires necessary adaptivity in vision and work in order to remain successful in the fight against human trafficking. One of the ways to adapt is to have a better information position on how human trafficking in its many types manifests itself within society. This can be done by explaining the applied modus operandi, assessing the nature and extend of the crime and continuously rethinking the effectivity of prevention and prosecution. In that sense the four P paradigm needs a well-earned update which conceptualizes the possibilities of the implementation of the four P paradigm in practice by using the knowledge of the results and effects from the past. The way forward is that of bringing the four P paradigm out of its reactive way of how it is currently being implemented and used and by applying pro-activity at the centre of each of the four Ps to renew their worth and move back to the initial goals of the paradigm, knowingly that of an effective comprehensive integrated approach to fight human trafficking. To support this step forward, this article examines each of the four Ps and tries to take them out of the reactive way in which they are currently being used and into a proactive implementation of thoughts, ideas and methods for different partners involved in the fight against human trafficking. This article discusses the necessity of the change to a proactive approach in support of the goals of the Ps paradigm and by using practical examples it tries to give insight in what is possible within the current conditions and available means. At the same time, it gives constructive criticism of some fundamental elements within the fight against human trafficking and the use of the four P paradigm.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Criminology and Sociology
International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Social Sciences-Cultural Studies
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