Challenges in Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Hepatitis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a novel class of anticancer therapy that have been transformative in treating a diverse range of cancers, extending survival in some patients, and producing significant and durable tumour responses. ICI enhance immunological responses against tumour cells by inhibiting receptor-ligand interactions in immune checkpoint pathways, which may be subverted by tumour cells to prevent their destruction by cytotoxic T cells. The two classes of ICI currently in routine clinical use are monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-L1.1,2