State-of-the-art for the development of Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient utilization of furfural to value chemicals via liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions

ABSTRACTIn the present review, we aim to provide important insights into copper-based heterogeneous catalytic systems and discuss the conversion of furfural (FF) through hydrogenation. Each discussed catalyst and the support used for the catalytic reactions play a vital role in the reaction mechanism along with different factors enhancing the catalytic activity. Also, the importance of Cu-based materials along with support, the importance of solvent in the liquid-phase reaction, and the importance of pre-reduction of catalysts are explained in detail. In addition, the superior activity of the catalyst and a few reports from the last decade for Cu-based catalytic systems have been summarized along with the tabulation of different synthesis procedures, mechanistic study, and detailed descriptions with tables and figures. Finally, the conclusions with future aspects for the development of the catalytic hydrogenation process via Cu-based catalytic systems are overviewed.KEYWORDS: Biomass-derived materialscopper catalystheterogeneous catalysishydrogenationliquid and gas phase Highlights A comprehensive study for the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to value-added chemicals via liquid and gas phase reactions is discussed.Importance of solvent, the importance of reduction temperature and the role of copper for the furfural catalytic hydrogen transfer reactions are discussed in detail.The synthesis method and different analytical and spectroscopical factors along with a mechanism are discussed where required.Future aspects in the field of furfural catalytic hydrogen transfer reaction.List of Abbreviations Furfural=FFFurfuryl alcohol=FA2-methylfuran/Methylfuran=2-MF/MFCyclopentanone=CPCyclopentanol=CPOTetrahydrofuran=THFTetrahydrofurfural alcohol=THFAMethyl tetrahydrofurfural=MTHF5-hydroxymethylfurfural=HMF2,5-dimethyl furan=DMFMethanol=MeOHEthanol=EtOHIsopropyl alcohol=IPALevulinic acid=LAγ-valerolactone=GVL1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylate=BTC/CMetal-Organic Framework=MOFHypercrosslinked polystyrene=HPSTime on Stream=TOSCatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation=CTHLiquid Hourly Space Velocity=LHSVGas Hourly Space Velocity=GHSVTemperature Programmed Reduction=TPRTemperature Programmed Desorption=TPDX-ray Diffraction=XRDX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy=XPSField Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy=FE-SEMTransmission Electron Microscopy=TEMGreenhouse gases=GHGInternational Energy Agency=IEAUnited States=USAcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to acknowledge CNMS, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) and Nano Mission, DST, Government of India, for financial support SR/NM/NS-20/2014, minor research project (No. JU/MRP/CNMS/11/2022)Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the DST, Nanomission [SR/NM/NS-20/2014].