The impact of class I compression stockings on the peripheral microperfusion of the lower limb: A prospective pilot study

Objective

The use of medical compression stockings (MCS) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and diabetes is the subject of an ongoing critical debate. While reducing leg edema of various origins by improving venous back flow, there is a concern about additional arterial flow obstruction when compression therapy is applied in pre-existing PAD. The aim of this study is to obtain further information on the use of class I MCS in patients with advanced PAD and to evaluate the framework conditions for a safe application.

Methods

The total collective (n = 55) of this prospective, clinical cohort study consisted of 24 patients with PAD Fontaine stage IIb and higher studied before revascularization, of whom 16 patients were examined again after revascularization, and 15 healthy participants included for reference. The microperfusion of the lower extremity of all participants was examined in a supine, elevated, and sitting position using the oxygen to see (O2C) method.

Results

The results indicate that leg positioning had the strongest influence on microcirculation (SO2 and flow: p = 0.0001), whereas MCS had no significant effect on the perfusion parameters (SO2: p = 0.9936; flow: p = 0.4967) and did not lead to a deterioration of values into critical ranges.

Conclusion

Mild medical compression therapy appears to be feasible even in patients with advanced PAD. Larger studies are warranted to observe any long-term effects, in particular for the treatment of reperfusion edema after revascularization.