Ultem系列聚醚酰亚胺的合成

IF 0.2 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. A. Chayka, N. S. Shaglaeva, G. V. Bozhenkov, V. V. Bayandin, E. V. Rudyakova, Yu. N. Ivanov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

聚醚酰亚胺(PEIs)是一类结构聚合物,在实际应用中最成功地结合了高耐热性、热稳定性、极限拉伸强度、弹性模量、良好的介电性能以及高耐化学性和耐辐射性等基本性能。然而,伴随着这些优点,pei是具有高软化点和熔点的化合物,这使得其加工成产品变得复杂。近几十年来,专家们发现了许多通过增加主聚合物链的柔韧性来降低玻璃化转变温度的方法。为此,在主聚合物链上引入具有较高旋转度的官能团,如异丙基、六氟异丙基、1,2-二氯乙烯和其他取代基。聚醚亚胺,其前体是3(4)-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐,间苯二胺和双酚A,最初由通用电气公司以Ultem品牌生产,目前被认为是最著名的工程热塑性塑料之一。特别地,有两种合成方法可用于获得这种聚醚酰亚胺。第一种方法是通过2,2-二-[4-(3,4-二羰基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷和间苯二胺的二酐缩聚得到聚氨基甲酸的环化反应。第二种技术使用1,3-双[N-(3-硝基邻苯二胺)]苯的多硝基取代和双酚a的钠盐。迄今为止,俄罗斯科学文献缺乏对制备Ultem系列聚醚酰亚胺的已知方法的详细描述。本文对有关Ultem系列PEIs合成的现有文献资料进行了归纳和系统整理。此外,本研究还介绍了该系列可溶性热塑性聚醚酰亚胺的制备方法,现有的初始单体合成方法及反应产率,以及该聚合物的物理特性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Synthesis of the Ultem series polyetherimides
Polyetherimides (PEIs) are a class of structural polymers with the most successful combination of such essential properties for practical applications as high heat resistance, thermal stability, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, good dielectric properties, and high chemical and radiation resistance. However, along with these advantages, PEIs are compounds with high softening and melting points, which complicates their processing into products. In recent decades, specialists have found numerous ways to decrease the glass transition temperature by increasing the flexibility of the main polymer chain. To this end, functional groups with a higher degree of rotation, such as isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and other substituents, are introduced into the main polymer chain. Polyetherimide, whose precursors are 3(4)-nitrophthalic anhydride, m-phenylenediamine, and bisphenol A, was first produced by General Electric under the Ultem brand name and is currently believed to be one of the best-known engineering thermoplastics. In particular, two synthetic methods can be used to obtain such polyetherimides. The first technique uses a cyclization of poly(amidocarboxylic acid), which is obtained by the polycondensation of dianhydride of 2,2-bis-[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane and m-phenylenediamine. The second technique uses the polynitro substitution of 1,3-bis[N-(3-nitrophthalimido)]benzene and the dynatrium salt of bisphenol A. To date, the Russian scientific literature lacks reviews with detailed descriptions of known methods for the preparation of Ultem series polyetherimides. The present review generalizes and systematizes the available literature data regarding the synthesis of the Ultem series PEIs. In addition, this study describes preparation methods of soluble thermoplastic polyetherimides of this series, available synthesis methods of initial monomers with reaction yields, and physical characteristics of such polymers.
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