次优寄主植物对入侵秋粘虫具有发育和热适应性代价

Macdonald Mubayiwa, Honest Machekano, Frank Chidawanyika, Brighton M. Mvumi, Bame Segaiso, Casper Nyamukondiwa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

秋粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith)是一种全球性的谷物入侵害虫。虽然这种害虫以玉米和高粱为主要寄主,但由于其多食性,它与广泛的寄主植物有关。尽管FAW的多食性在文献中被广泛报道,但很少有研究调查了该害虫宿主的非首选条件或形式(例如干旱胁迫形式)对其生理和生态适应性的影响。因此,生物和非生物胁迫对FAW适应性成本或收益的相互作用尚未得到专门研究。因此,我们评估了寄主植物质量对FAW发育速率和耐热性的影响。具体来说,我们在三个寄主(玉米、豇豆和珍珠粟)上饲养FAW幼虫,每个寄主在两种处理下(无胁迫(充足水分)和胁迫(缺水)),直到成虫期。测定幼虫生长速率和蛹重。测定各组成虫的热耐受特性,即临界热最大值(CT max)、临界热最小值(CT min)、热击倒时间(HKDT)、冷-昏迷恢复时间(CCRT)和过冷点(scp)。结果表明,次优日粮显著延长了FAW幼虫的发育时间,降低了其生长速度和最终体重,但不影响其完全发育。次优日粮(包括非谷物植物和干旱胁迫的谷物植物)使幼虫龄增加到8个,而最佳自然日粮(未受胁迫的玉米和珍珠粟)增加到6个。除了直接影响外,在所有情况下,次优日粮显著降低了FAWs的耐热性,但仅在特定情况下(如SCP)记录了它们对耐寒性的影响。这些结果表明,寄主植物影响了一汽的物理和热适应性,表明一汽对多种胁迫具有相当程度的恢复力。尽管大多数寄主植物的水分胁迫条件和热适应性都有所提高,但这种害虫的恢复能力对其使用次优寄主(在作物轮作或间作中)的栽培管理存在重大缺陷。因此,一汽种群在多元环境胁迫下的持久性并不完全取决于先前的环境寄主植物历史或质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sub-optimal host plants have developmental and thermal fitness costs to the invasive fall armyworm
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a global invasive pest of cereals. Although this pest uses maize and sorghum as its main hosts, it is associated with a wide range of host plants due to its polyphagous nature. Despite the FAW's polyphagy being widely reported in literature, few studies have investigated the effects of the non-preferred conditions or forms (e.g., drought-stressed forms) of this pest’s hosts on its physiological and ecological fitness. Thus, the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on FAW fitness costs or benefits have not been specifically investigated. We therefore assessed the effects of host plant quality on the developmental rates and thermal tolerance of the FAW. Specifically, we reared FAW neonates on three hosts (maize, cowpeas, and pearl millet) under two treatments per host plant [unstressed (well watered) and stressed (water deprived)] until the adult stage. Larval growth rates and pupal weights were determined. Thermal tolerance traits viz critical thermal maxima (CT max ), critical thermal minima (CT min ), heat knockdown time (HKDT), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), and supercooling points (SCPs) were measured for the emerging adults from each treatment. The results showed that suboptimal diets significantly prolonged the developmental time of FAW larvae and reduced their growth rates and ultimate body weights, but did not impair their full development. Suboptimal diets (comprising non-cereal plants and drought-stressed cereal plants) increased the number of larval instars to eight compared to six for optimal natural diets (unstressed maize and pearl millet). Apart from direct effects, in all cases, suboptimal diets significantly reduced the heat tolerance of FAWs, but their effect on cold tolerance was recorded only in select cases (e.g., SCP). These results suggest host plant effects on the physical and thermal fitness of FAW, indicating a considerable degree of resilience against multiple stressors. This pest’s resilience can present major drawbacks to its cultural management using suboptimal hosts (in crop rotations or intercrops) through its ability to survive on most host plants despite their water stress condition and gains in thermal fitness. The fate of FAW population persistence under multivariate environmental stresses is therefore not entirely subject to prior environmental host plant history or quality.
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