冬小麦品种采收及采后加工过程中害对播种品质的影响

Yu. G. Skvortsova, N. V. Kalinina, T. I. Firsova, G. A. Filenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了2020-2022年冬小麦品种(“Stanichnaya”、“Etyud”、“Asket”、“Lidiya”和“Ambar”)初产种子收获和收获后加工过程中伤害对种子材料质量指标影响的研究结果。已经确定,在农业机械和谷物清洗设备的不同技术阶段,在粮食生产过程中,对种子材料有损害。已经确定了某些类型的伤害,这些伤害最显著地恶化了种子的播种质量,降低了冬小麦的产量。本研究的目的是评估由FSBSI“ARC”“Donskoy”开发的不同成熟度组的冬小麦品种在制种初期受到联合收割机和谷物清洗机的伤害后的播种品质。冬小麦种子材料的质量评估是在冬小麦收获期间获得的材料上进行的,例如人工脱粒(控制),使用“Wintersteiger Classic”联合脱粒机,经过种子清洗和分选设备VIM-1“Selection”和Petkus K-531“Gigant”。当使用联合收割机“Wintersteiger Classic”收割时,使用两种脱粒模式:1)推荐- 1500 rpm -1;2)用减速滚筒脱粒- 1000转/分-1。已经发现,用谷物收割机打谷时对种子的伤害程度最高(33 - 54%)。已经确定,根据试验类型的不同,萌发能指标在89 - 98%之间变化,实验室萌发率在94 - 99%之间变化。在实验室条件下,胚区受损的颖果发芽率较高。随着微创伤的增加,田间发芽率比对照降低了4 - 17%。早熟组品种的种子田间萌发损伤和降低程度最大。无论使用何种设备,收获后的种子加工导致其伤害百分比增加1 - 6%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of injury on the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties during harvesting and post-harvest processing
The current paper has presented the study results for the period of 2020–2022 to determine the effect of injury on the quality indicators of seed material in primary seed production of winter wheat varieties (‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Etyud’, Asket, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ambar’) during harvesting and post-harvest processing of seeds. There has been established that at different stages of technology in agricultural machines and grain cleaning equipment, during grain production, there was damage to the seed material. There have been identified certain types of injuries that most significantly worsen the sowing quality of seeds and reduce winter wheat productivity. The purpose of the study was to estimate the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties of different maturity groups developed by the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» depending on their injury by the combine harvester and grain cleaning machines in the primary stages of seed production. The estimation of the quality of winter wheat seed material was carried out on the material obtained during winter wheat harvesting, such as manual threshing (control), threshing with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, after seed cleaning and sorting equipment VIM-1 «Selection» and Petkus K-531 «Gigant». When harvesting with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, two threshing modes were used: 1) recommended – 1500 rpm-1; 2) with a reduced speed of the threshing drum – 1000 rpm-1. There has been found that the highest level of seed injury was observed when threshing with a grain harvester (33–54 %). There has been determined that, depending on the type of the trial, the germination energy indicators varied from 89 to 98 %, and laboratory germination from 94 to 99 %. Caryopsis with damage in the embryo area had a high germination rate in laboratory conditions. With an increase in microtraumas, field germination has decreased by 4–17 % compared to the control. The maximum injury and reduction in field germination of seeds was observed in the varieties of the early maturing group. Post-harvest processing of seeds has led to an increase in the percentage of their injury by 1–6 %, regardless of the type of equipment used.
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