锚定高技术和知识密集型企业作为技术主权的基础

S. Kh.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文的重点是高科技和知识密集型公司,它们为经济的技术发展奠定了基础。这项工作的目的是确定能够对高科技部门的发展产生重大影响并作为国家技术主权基础的关键(锚)公司。分析的理论基础是适应性锚房客假说,该假说来源于房地产经济。锚定高科技和知识密集型企业的订单研究;创造新的技术解决方案,由此产生新的公司;参与培训过程;对材料、原材料、零部件有稳定的需求;同时也为合作伙伴提供融入全球价值链的机会。对高科技和知识密集型公司业绩微观数据(SPARK-Interfax数据库)的分析显示,2016-2020年,73%的公司属于七个领域(这些领域是建筑和工程设计等领域的活动,化学和汽车工业,电信,科学活动,软件开发和机械工程等),占俄罗斯高科技业务总收入的64-67%。根据对这些关键活动的集中程度和领导稳定性的分析,43家公司被选为潜在的锚高科技和知识密集型公司。此外,考虑到公司在其行业中的权重,并将其与行业动态进行比较,确定了12家领先的锚公司,分为三组-“稳定”,“前进”和“爆炸式增长”。更详细地考虑了主要公司的地位和前景。分析表明,在俄罗斯经济中,有一些成功的高科技和科学密集型公司的例子,如果新出现的机会得以实现,它们可以成为技术发展的“锚”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies as the basis of technological sovereignty
The focus of this paper is high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies that create the basis for the technological development of the economy. The purpose of the work is to identify key (anchor) companies that can have a significant impact on the development of the high-tech sector and serve as the basis for the country's technological sovereignty. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the adapted anchor tenant hypothesis, which came from the real estate economy. Anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies order research; create new technological solutions, from which new companies subsequently arise; are involved in the training process; show a stable demand for materials, raw materials, components; and also provide their partners with the opportunity to integrate into global value chains. Analysis of high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies performance micro data (SPARK-Interfax database) showed that in 2016-2020 73% of companies belong to seven sectors (these are activities in the field of architecture and engineering design, etc., chemical and automotive industries, telecom, scientific activities, software development and mechanical engineering, etc.), which account for 64-67% of the total revenue of the Russian high-tech business. Based on an analysis of the level of concentration and stability of leadership in these key activities, 43 companies were selected to potentially be considered anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies. Further, taking into account the weight of companies in their industries and comparing their dynamics with the industry, 12 leading anchor companies were identified, united in three groups - "stability", "forward movement" and "explosive growth". The position and prospects of the leading companies were considered in more detail. The analysis showed that in the Russian economy there are examples of successful high-tech and science-intensive companies that, if the emerging opportunities are realized, can act as an “anchor” of technological development.
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