新教通往官僚主义之路

IF 4.5 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Valentín Figueroa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

17世纪以后,欧洲各国的统治者试图进行改革,用专业官僚取代业余行政人员。行政改革的成功与否,取决于统治者能否对地位稳固的官员给予补偿,能否聘用受薪雇员。作者论证了这些条件在改革时得到满足的程度取决于各州在16世纪是否经历了新教改革。这篇文章展示了宗教改革如何启动了两个过程,其中包括没收天主教会的资产。首先,新教统治者使用没收资产的收入来资助战争,而不是出售专有办公室,导致抵制行政改革的腐败官员减少。其次,征收财产使教堂变得更穷,减少了神职人员的好工作,刺激了教育投资的重新分配,从宗教知识转向对国家管理更有用的世俗技能。这种独特的新教发展道路加速了世袭制国家的消亡。到1789年,唯一的主要领土国家是官僚主义的新教国家。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Protestant Road to Bureaucracy
After the seventeenth century, rulers across Europe attempted reforms to replace amateur administrators with professional bureaucrats. The success of administrative reforms hinged on whether rulers could compensate entrenched officeholders and recruit salaried employees. The author demonstrates that the extent to which these conditions were met at the time of reforms depended on whether states had experienced a Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. This article shows how the Reformation, which involved the expropriation of the Catholic Church’s assets, set in motion two processes. First, to finance their wars, Protestant rulers used revenue from confiscated assets instead of selling proprietary offices, leading to fewer venal officeholders who resisted administrative reforms. Second, expropriations made churches poorer and reduced the number of plum jobs in the clergy, incentivizing a reallocation of educational investments from religious knowledge to secular skills more useful for state administration. This distinctive Protestant developmental path hastened the demise of the patrimonial state. By 1789, the only major territorial states that were bureaucratic were Protestant.
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来源期刊
World Politics
World Politics Multiple-
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: World Politics, founded in 1948, is an internationally renowned quarterly journal of political science published in both print and online versions. Open to contributions by scholars, World Politics invites submission of research articles that make theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature, review articles, and research notes bearing on problems in international relations and comparative politics. The journal does not publish articles on current affairs, policy pieces, or narratives of a journalistic nature. Articles submitted for consideration are unsolicited, except for review articles, which are usually commissioned. Published for the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Affairs
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