A novel taxonomy of natural disasters based on casualty and consequence using hierarchical clustering

Post-disaster management requires a proportional deployment of human and material resources. The number of resources required to manage a disaster cannot be known without first evaluating the extent of casualty and consequence. This study proposed a taxonomy for classifying natural disasters based on casualty and consequence. Using a secondary data on global disasters from 1900 to 2021, the hierarchical cluster analysis technique was deployed for taxonomy formation. The learning algorithm evaluated the similarities in numbers of deaths, injuries, and the cost of damaged property caused by disasters. Three clusters were extracted which sub-grouped historical disasters based on similarities in casualty and consequence. Further, a taxonomy that defines the ranges of what constitute low, average, and high deaths/injuries/damage was established. Classifying a future disaster with this taxonomy prior to the deployment of resources for rescue, resettlement, compensation, and other disaster management operations will guide efficient resource allocation on a case-by-case basis.