德国兵营在两次世界大战期间军事建筑风格背景下的独特性。

IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
Marta Małgorzata Rudnicka-Bogusz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在研究东欧兵营建筑群的风格时,人们可以注意到军国主义高涨的两个主要时期。建于19世纪80年代的大型兵营代表了一种充满民族浪漫主义色彩的风格。例如,在普鲁士,正是Rundbogenstil使君主权力合法化。由于第一次世界大战的失败,这种风格受到了损害。随着20世纪30年代的开始,建造大规模兵营的趋势再次加剧。当时建造的建筑物反映了建筑现代化的趋势,其特点是房间的功能和卫生布局,以及立方体的风格。这种趋势在德国兵营中也很明显,比如由Otto Salvisberg设计的Wrocław兵营,以及由Armin Meili设计的瑞士卢塞恩兵营。然而,由于执政的纳粹党民族主义言论的收紧,如1937年在慕尼黑举办的“Entartete Kunst”展览所见证的,国际风格在德国被拒绝,这在当时是前所未有的。人们寻求一种新的风格,而基于19世纪70年代发展起来的本土图案的Heimatstil符合第三帝国的民粹主义倾向。因此,军营综合体的设计回归到一种简化的历史化风格,然后让位于代表Heimatschutz有偏见的民族风格的建筑,表达了公共话语的两极分化:世界主义的“他们”和国内的“我们”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The uniqueness of the German barracks in the context of the style of military architecture in the interwar period.
When studying the styles of barracks complexes in Eastern Europe, one can notice two main periods of heightened militarism. The large-scale barracks built in the 1880s represent a style infused with national romanticism. In Prussia, for example, it is Rundbogenstil, which legitimizes monarchical power. As a result of the defeat in World War I, this style is compromised. With the beginning of the 1930s, the tendency to build extensive barracks complexes intensifies again. The buildings erected at that time reflect the tendency to modernize architecture, characterized by functional and hygienic layout of rooms and a cubic style. This tendency is also evident in German barracks, such as those in Wrocław, designed by Otto Salvisberg, and Swiss barracks in Lucerne, designed by Armin Meili. However, due to the tightening of the nationalist rhetoric by the ruling NSDAP, as witnessed by the "Entartete Kunst" exhibition held in Munich in 1937, the international style is rejected in Germany, which was unprecedented at the time. A new style is sought, and the Heimatstil based on vernacular patterns developed in the 1870s fits in with the populist inclinations of the Third Reich. As a result, the design of barracks complexes sees a return to a simplified historicizing style, which then gives way to buildings that represent the biased national style of Heimatschutz, expressiing the polarization of public discourse along the lines of: cosmopolitan "them" and domestic "us".
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