人工智能伦理标准中的人类中心主义与环境福祉:范围审查与讨论

IF 3.1 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Eryn Rigley, Adriane Chapman, Christine Evers, Will McNeill
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着人工智能部署的扩大,人们也意识到这种部署可能带来的伦理影响和问题。作为回应,多个领域的团体发布了人工智能伦理标准,这些标准依赖于模糊的高级原则来寻求共识。“以人为本”是人工智能领域中常见的一个高级原则,尽管它的应用通常没有对其优点和局限性进行适当的调查,也没有明确的通用定义。本文对人工智能伦理标准进行了范围审查,以检查对“以人为本”的承诺,以及这种承诺如何与其他伦理问题(即对非人类动物和环境福祉的关注)相互作用。我们发现,以人为中心的人工智能伦理标准往往比以人为中心的标准更优先考虑人类而不是非人类。对我们研究结果的批判性分析表明,在人工智能伦理标准中对以人为中心的承诺符合道德哲学中人类中心主义的定义:人类至少比非人类具有更多的内在道德价值。我们考虑了以人类为中心的人工智能伦理的一些局限性,包括允许对环境和动物造成伤害,破坏生态系统的稳定性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Anthropocentrism and Environmental Wellbeing in AI Ethics Standards: A Scoping Review and Discussion
As AI deployment has broadened, so too has an awareness for the ethical implications and problems that may ensue from this deployment. In response, groups across multiple domains have issued AI ethics standards that rely on vague, high-level principles to find consensus. One such high-level principle that is common across the AI landscape is ‘human-centredness’, though oftentimes it is applied without due investigation into its merits and limitations and without a clear, common definition. This paper undertakes a scoping review of AI ethics standards to examine the commitment to ‘human-centredness’ and how this commitment interacts with other ethical concerns, namely, concerns for nonhumans animals and environmental wellbeing. We found that human-centred AI ethics standards tend to prioritise humans over nonhumans more so than nonhuman-centred standards. A critical analysis of our findings suggests that a commitment to human-centredness within AI ethics standards accords with the definition of anthropocentrism in moral philosophy: that humans have, at least, more intrinsic moral value than nonhumans. We consider some of the limitations of anthropocentric AI ethics, which include permitting harm to the environment and animals and undermining the stability of ecosystems.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
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审稿时长
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