Research of physıcal-chemıcal propertıes of essentıal oıl from chamomıle

The article presents the results of the research of substances obtained from the hydrodistillation and solvent extraction of the chamomile plant growing in the Western region of Azerbaijan. The average amount of essential oil from the hydrodistillation of chamomile flower according to the wet raw material was 11.1±1.24%, and the average amount of the essential oil from the extraction in ethyl alcohol was determined to be 1.54 ±0.04%. The composition of the essential oil obtained from common chamomile flowers, rich in biologically active substances and important for treatment, was studied by physico-chemical methods (chromatographic, Ultraviolet (UV) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopic). It was determined that the main components (up to 50%) of the oil obtained from common chamomile flowers are sesquiterpenes, including, consists of cadinene, farnesene, α-bisabolol, ß-bisabolol, as well as their oxides, khamazulene. The assessment of the dynamics of obtaining essential oil from chamomile flowers in different periods of the year showed that it is 2.5-3.5% of the collection of dry raw materials, depending on its yield. Keywords: chamomile, essential oil, hydrodistillation, extraction, bisabolol, chromatography.