河流冲击侵蚀中可蚀性的岩土控制

IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Jens M. Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, Audrey Bonnelye
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要河流对基岩的切割通常是由移动的河床颗粒的影响驱动的。切割的速度是由岩石的性质来调节的,岩石的性质可以用一个被称为可蚀性的参数来量化,该参数将侵蚀速率与水流的侵蚀作用相对应。虽然已经提出了岩石可蚀性岩土控制的基本模型,但其余关系的大分散和趋势表明,它们还没有完全被理解。在这里,我们进行了专门的实验室实验,用侵蚀磨测量可蚀性。同时,我们测量了测试岩性的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、杨氏模量、体积密度和泊松比。我们发现,在相同的流动条件下,来自相同岩性的样品的侵蚀速率可以变化高达60倍。这表明,在同一块岩石内短距离内可能发生变化的岩石性质可以对其侵蚀性质施加强烈的控制。被测岩性的岩土力学性质是强交叉相关的,因此不能纯粹凭经验确定它们对可蚀性的控制。目前流行的模型预测,侵蚀率应与杨氏模量成线性关系,与抗拉强度的平方成反比。我们使用第一性原理物理参数扩展该模型,并考虑到冲击体的岩土力学特性。扩展模型提供了比现有模型更好的数据描述。然而,这种契合远非令人满意。我们认为,矿物粒度与撞击体直径的比值对可蚀性有很强的控制作用,但迄今为止尚未对其进行量化。我们还讨论了如何将我们的实验室结果提升到真实景观和长时间尺度。对于修正的河流功率切口模型和依赖于沉积物通量的切口模型,我们认为长期侵蚀速率与可蚀性呈线性关系,并且在这个理论框架内,可蚀性的相关实验室测量可以应用于景观尺度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Abstract. Bedrock incision by rivers is commonly driven by the impacts of moving bedload particles. The speed of incision is modulated by rock properties, which is quantified within a parameter known as erodibility that scales the erosion rate to the erosive action of the flow. Although basic models for the geotechnical controls on rock erodibility have been suggested, large scatter and trends in the remaining relationships indicate that they are incompletely understood. Here, we conducted dedicated laboratory experiments measuring erodibility using erosion mills. In parallel, we measured uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus, bulk density, and the Poisson's ratio for the tested lithologies. We find that under the same flow conditions, erosion rates of samples from the same lithology can vary by a factor of up to 60. This indicates that rock properties that may vary over short distances within the same rock can exert a strong control on its erosional properties. The geotechnical properties of the tested lithologies are strongly cross-correlated, preventing a purely empirical determination of their controls on erodibility. The currently prevailing model predicts that erosion rates should scale linearly with Young's modulus and inversely with the square of the tensile strength. We extend this model using first-principle physical arguments, taking into account the geotechnical properties of the impactor. The extended model provides a better description of the data than the existing model. Yet, the fit is far from satisfactory. We suggest that the ratio of mineral grain size to the impactor diameter presents a strong control on erodibility that has not been quantified so far. We also discuss how our laboratory results upscale to real landscapes and long timescales. For both a revised stream power incision model and a sediment-flux-dependent incision model, we suggest that long-term erosion rates scale linearly with erodibility and that, within this theoretical framework, relative laboratory measurements of erodibility can be applied at the landscape scale.
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICALGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCI-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
56
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping Earth''s surface and their interactions on all scales.
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