新西兰奥克兰地峡米登的植物和寄生虫记录,揭示了大规模的景观干扰,Māori-Introduced栽培菌和蠕虫病

IF 0.7 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Mark Horrocks, Adina Brown, John Brown, Bronwen Presswell
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引用次数: 2

摘要

对新西兰Māori农业的研究由于缺乏植物遗骸形式的直接证据而受到阻碍,在奥克兰地峡也由于广泛的城市化而缺乏挖掘地点。最近在地峡的纽马克特(Newmarket)建造公寓大楼的拆除和土方工程暴露出Māori贝壳堆。研究人员分析了中甸的植物(花粉、植物岩和淀粉)和寄生虫微化石,以揭示地峡Māori的活动。植物微化石和14C分析结果表明,人类对景观造成了大规模的干扰,Māori-introduced culgens Colocasia esculenta(芋)、Cordyline cf. fruticosa(树)和Broussonetia papyrifera(纸桑)的花粉的发现表明农业活动。此外,还鉴定出了纸莎草的植物岩、甘薯kūmara和甘薯的淀粉和木质部。寄生虫学分析发现了犬双螺旋虫(Dipylidium caninum)的卵包,这是一种狗寄生虫,会对峡部的狗和人产生不利影响。这些微化石类型及其亲缘关系被详细描述,并参考新西兰其他地方和更广泛的太平洋岛屿地区的考古背景进行了讨论,回顾了以前在太平洋岛屿报道的这些菌种和寄生虫的宏观和微化石的位置和类型。考虑到不同有机组织的生产和保存的高度变化,该研究还强调了将三种不同类型的分析结合起来研究古代人类活动的价值,在这种情况下,提供了来自单个midden的六种Māori-introduced菌种中的四种和一种狗寄生虫的证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Plant and Parasite Record of a Midden on Auckland Isthmus, New Zealand, Reveals Large Scale Landscape Disturbance, Māori-Introduced Cultigens, and Helminthiasis
The study of Māori agriculture in New Zealand is hindered by lack of direct evidence in the form of plant remains and on Auckland Isthmus also by lack of excavation sites due to extensive urbanization. Recent demolition and earthworks for the construction of an apartment complex at Newmarket on the isthmus exposed a Māori shell midden. The midden was analyzed for plant (pollen, phytoliths, and starch) and parasite microfossils to shed light on Māori activity on the isthmus. The plant microfossil and 14C results show large-scale landscape disturbance by people and the discovery of pollen from the Māori-introduced cultigens Colocasia esculenta (taro), Cordyline cf. fruticosa (tīpore), and possibly Broussonetia papyrifera (aute, paper mulberry) demonstrates agricultural activity. In addition, phytoliths of B. papyrifera and starch and xylem of cf. C. esculenta and cf. Ipomoea batatas (kūmara, sweet potato) were identified. The parasitological analysis identified egg packets of Dipylidium caninum, a dog parasite that would have adversely affected dogs and people on the isthmus. These microfossil types and their affinities are described in detail and discussed with reference to archaeological contexts elsewhere in New Zealand and the wider Pacific Island region, reviewing the locations and types of both macro- and microfossils of these cultigens and parasites previously reported in the Pacific Islands. Given the highly variable production and preservation of different organic tissues, the study also highlights the value of combining the three different types of analyses for the study of ancient human activity, in this case providing evidence of four of the six Māori-introduced cultigens and a dog parasite from a single midden.
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