“生”和“死”两个词的语义评价

IF 0.6 Q3 COMMUNICATION
Marina Aleksandrovna Lappo, Tatiana Gennadievna Putilina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是找出“生”和“死”这对词的词义结构中的评价成分。这部作品采用了一套语言分析方法。本研究的科学新颖之处在于分析了“生”与“死”这对反义词语义结构中的评价成分,即描述了“生”与“死”这对反义词意义的语用宏观成分中的不对称与对称;不对称表现在对“生”和“死”这两个词所表示的现象的语用评价方向上,前者与非常好的、善良相关,后者与非常坏的、邪恶的、不幸相关;对称的语言行为既表现在具有共同评价语义的派生值上,也表现在确定生与死为常规评价对象的派生值上。此外,本文还首次论证了在这些词汇的意义上,一定比例的积极和消极义素标志着话语类型(日常话语、宗教哲学话语、艺术批评话语、艺术话语)。结果表明,不仅单个词的内涵影响其语义结构的发展,而且一对反义词中一个词的语用成分也会影响另一个词的语义变异性。对这些单位的语义评价进行研究,可以追溯词语语义结构的动态过程,以及它们的语言行为的共同特征和不同特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation in the semantics of the lexemes “life” and “death”
The aim of the research is to identify evaluative components in the structure of the lexical meanings of the pair of words “life” – “death”. The work uses a set of methods of linguistic analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in analysing evaluative components in the semantic structures of the pair of antonyms “life” – “death”, namely, in describing asymmetry and symmetry in the pragmatic macro-component of the meaning of these words: asymmetry manifests itself in the direction of pragmatic evaluation of the phenomena denoted by the words “life” and “death”, the former is correlated with something very good, goodness, the latter is correlated with something very bad, evil, misfortune; symmetrical linguistic behaviour is manifested in both lexemes in the derived values with the semantics of common evaluation and in the derived values that determine that life and death are the object of regular evaluation. In addition, the paper is the first to demonstrate that a certain ratio of positive and negative semes in the meaning of these lexemes marks the type of discourse (everyday, religious-philosophical, art criticism, artistic). As a result, it has been proved that not only the individual connotations of a word affect the development of its semantic structure, but also the pragmatic components of one lexeme from a pair of antonyms have an impact on the semantic variability of the other. Studying evaluation in the semantics of these units makes it possible to trace the dynamic processes in the semantic structures of the words, as well as common and different features in their linguistic behaviour.
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