THE PHENOMENON OF FREEDOM AS THE FUNDAMENTAL ESSENCE OF THE FORMATION OF SOCIETY

The statement of basic materials. The authors define morals as a special mechanism of human relations regulation which functions under the condition of possibility of moral self-determination of a personality. They emphasize that a person is surrounded by a variety of necessities: he is governed by physical and social laws of a given society where he lives, its norms and rules, behavior stereotypes, traditions and rituals, economic necessity also shall to be taken into account. Demarcation of the subject fields of understanding of the category of moral choice as a way of realizing moral freedom determined by a set of factors of objective and subjective nature is being made in this investigation. Objective circumstances set certain external parameters for individual opportunities, making it difficult or easy for the process of personal self-realization. Strategic choice concerns first of all self-choice, i.e. the creation of one’s self by a person. It is emphasized in the article that the fatalistic opinion on this issue considers the choice to be a fiction, because it is conditioned by objective circumstances, and the decision is made under the pressure of objective necessity. The specificity of the ethical aspect of freedom lies in the fact that a person does not deal with the direct reflection of objective necessity in the phenomena and processes of nature and society, but with the norms that regulate his behavior.