A Hybrid Model for Performance Evaluation of Fixed VANETs using Novel 1C3N and Topology-Based Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols with Packet Loss Control Methods

Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) play a significant role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Design. Intelligent Transportation Systems are the first mandatory requirements for any smart city. Researchers are vigorously working on ITSs for smart cities and so VANETs have received a lot of attention. In VANETs, Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) message transmissions are carried out using wireless access technologies like IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609 WAVE family of standards. The crucial challenge in the implementation of VANETs involves the task of deciding the routing protocol because unlike MANETs, handover in VANETs is extremely high. In this paper, a novel routing technique, One Caption for 3 Nodes (1C3N) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is implemented along with other topology-based existing routing protocols for the implementation of VANETs in the Coimbatore-Urban Area (Indian Smart City). The performance evaluation is carried out by comparing metrics like goodput, Overhead, Packet delivery ratio (PDR), Packet loss ratio (PLR) and end-to-end delay for four existing VANET routing protocols. The results show that a proper combination of packet loss model with routing protocol enhances the goodput and reduces the overhead for a fixed VANET. It is observed that the proposed 1C3N routing technique provides 60-65% better goodput than the other four algorithms.