Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Recurrence With Race and Ethnicity [ID: 1375479]

INTRODUCTION: To assess whether there is an association between race and ethnicity with recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant persons with a history of GDM in a prior pregnancy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of births between 2000 and 2012 to pregnant persons in California with a history of GDM in a prior pregnancy. We included singleton, nonanomalous births at gestational ages 23–42 weeks and excluded those who developed preexisting diabetes mellitus between pregnancies or with missing data for race and ethnicity. We adjusted for body mass index, age, educational attainment, and insurance type. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression with a P value of .05. RESULTS: We included 26,903 births in this analysis. There were significant differences for all sociodemographic characteristics by recurrence of GDM. The highest proportion of pregnant persons with GDM recurrence were non-Hispanic Asian (55%), followed by Hispanic (51%). We found that the adjusted odds of GDM recurrence was higher among Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35) and non-Hispanic Asian (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.76–2.11) individuals than the referent, while there was no difference in the adjusted odds of GDM recurrence for non-Hispanic Black (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83–1.18) or non-Hispanic American Native (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.58–1.69) individuals. CONCLUSION: We found that among pregnant persons with a history of GDM, there was a higher adjusted odds of GDM recurrence among certain racial and ethnic groups. Future studies should assess this disparity with targeted interventions to mitigate this increased risk among these specific populations.