Are emerging Islamic equity markets immune from contagion effects during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis? Evidence from the higher-order comoment-based contagion tests

In this paper, we investigate the possible contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on twenty-four emerging Islamic equity markets. To test for contagion, we use statistical tests based on changes in correlation and higher-order comoments. We also split the full sample into three sub-periods while identifying two phases of the COVID-19 crisis. Our main empirical findings indicate significant evidence of contagion during the two COVID-19 phases, especially through the coskewness, cokurtosis, and covolatility channels. Interestingly, we find that most emerging Islamic equity markets are not immune from the contagious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we draw on six behavioural indicators and construct a new index entitled ‘Feverish sentiment’ to examine the causal relationships between investor sentiment and emerging Islamic equity index returns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using both traditional and frequency-domain Granger causality tests, we find significant causal linkages between investor sentiment and some emerging Islamic equity markets in low, medium, and high frequencies. In particular, the results highlight an increase in the predictive power of investor sentiment during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.