Acute gastrointestinal injury: Stages, role in formation and progression of multiple organ failure syndrome, main stages of intensive therapy (literature review)

Acute gastrointestinal injury develops in more than half of all patients in the intensive care unit, regardless of the underlying pathology and it is one of the main reasons for the onset and progression of multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The severity of the acute gastrointestinal injury correlates with the risk of death. A deeper understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in critically ill patients is necessary for the development and implementation of an intensive care regimen that allows to quickly restore the function of the gastrointestinal tract and break the vicious circle of pathophysiological changes, which will ultimately lead to improvement treatment outcomes for critically ill patients and reduced mortality.