废弃生物塑料的生物降解

None Abdullayeva Maya Y., None Alizadeh Shams N.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生物塑料是由可再生生物材料制成的塑料,通常是植物、生物废物或微生物,而不是石油或天然气。与由化石燃料制成的塑料相比,大多数生物塑料都是环保的。但情况并非总是如此——这在很大程度上取决于生物塑料的生产和处理方式。生物塑料行业很年轻,2019年仅占全球塑料产量的1%。原料来源、塑料类型或可生物降解或可堆肥标签的标准化发展不佳。这常常让消费者感到困惑,因为并非所有由植物制成的东西都是可生物降解的。然而,人们越来越意识到过度使用塑料的危险,以及政府对塑料废物的监管力度加大,导致人们对生物塑料的兴趣和投资激增,预计未来几年该行业将增长10-14%。这可能会部分帮助解决世界上最严重的环境问题之一:塑料污染。海洋塑料污染是一个日益严重的全球性问题。最显著的例子就是大太平洋垃圾带。根据美国环境保护署(EPA)的数据,在美国每年生产的大约3600万吨塑料中,只有不到1%被回收利用。在全球范围内,只有约9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。每年大约有1100万吨塑料垃圾被倾倒入世界海洋。更多的塑料来自陆地,塑料慢慢地分解成越来越小的颗粒。据估计,有多达51万亿个塑料微粒漂浮在我们的海洋中。科学家估计,成年人平均每天摄入大约883个塑料微粒,这些微粒会积聚在我们的身体组织中。海洋和陆地动物摄入塑料会对它们的健康产生极其不利的影响,包括死亡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
BIODEGRADATION OF WASTED BIOPLASTICS
Bioplastic is plastic made from renewable biological material, usually plants, bio-waste or microorganisms, rather than petroleum or natural gas. Most bioplastics are environmentally friendly compared to plastics that are made from fossil fuels. But this is not always the case - a lot depends on how bioplastic is produced and disposed of. The bioplastics industry is young—accounting for only 1% of global plastics production in 2019. Standardization of raw material sources, types of plastic, or labeling of what is biodegradable or compostable is poorly developed. This often confuses consumers because not everything made from plants is biodegradable. However, growing awareness of the dangers of overuse of plastics and increased government regulation of plastic waste have led to a surge of interest and investment in bioplastics, an industry expected to grow 10-14% in the next few years. It is possible that this will partially help solve one of the most serious environmental problems in the world: plastic pollution. Marine plastic pollution is a growing global problem. The most striking example is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. According to the EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), of the approximately 36 million tons of plastic produced annually in the United States, less than 1% is recycled. Globally, only about 9% of plastic waste is recycled. About 11 million tons of plastic waste are dumped into the world's oceans every year. Even more comes from land-based sources, where plastic slowly breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. According to some estimates, there are up to 51 trillion microplastic particles floating in our oceans. Scientists estimate that the average adult ingests approximately 883 microplastic particles every day, which accumulate in our body tissues. Ingestion of plastic by marine and terrestrial animals can have extremely adverse effects on their health, including death.
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来源期刊
Pharmacy World & Science
Pharmacy World & Science 医学-药学
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