肯尼亚中北部半封闭生态系统中不同牧场管理措施对植被指标和野生动物丰度的影响

Timothy N. Kaaria, Catherine N. Ngamau, David W. Kimiti
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摘要

牧场贡献了至少30%的陆地净初级生产力,使其成为自然生态系统的重要组成部分,尽管降雨量低且不可预测。牧场对人为活动很敏感,因此管理干预是维持野生动物饲料质量和数量的关键。在肯尼亚梅鲁的Lewa野生动物保护区,研究了刈割草地和搬运(MO)、规定放牧(PG)和非规定放牧(UG)对地上生物量、基间距和野生动物丰度的影响。数据收集于PG和MO治疗后18个月,UG持续治疗。以系统和随机的方式选择处理过的地块,而相邻的未经处理的地块作为对照。使用ArcMap 10.8.1将区块划分为100 m × 100 m网格单元,并绘制采样图。采用t统计和方差分析(ANOVA)检验检验统计学显著性。我们发现,MO和UG的地上生物量显著减少(t = 4.886, p = 0.003), UG的地上生物量显著减少(t =5.487, p = 0.007)。PG与对照组无显著差异(t = 1.192, p = 0.287)。MO增加了野生动物丰度(t = -4.670, p = 0.003), PG (t = 0.589, p = 0.583)和UG (t = -0.262, p = 0.803)与对照组相比无显著差异。MO与对照组的平均基底间隙长度减小(t = 7.069, p = 0.001), UG与对照组的平均基底间隙长度增大(t = -4.053, p = 0.001), PG与对照组无显著差异(t = 1.882, p = 0.061)。本研究建议在牧场上使用割草和运走,因为它对所调查的指标有积极影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of different rangeland management practices on vegetation metrics and wildlife abundance in a semi-closed ecosystem in north-central Kenya
Rangelands contribute at least 30% of terrestrial net primary productivity, making them an important part of natural ecosystems despite low and unpredictable rainfall regimes. Rangelands are sensitive to anthropogenic activities, making management interventions key to maintaining forage quality and quantity for wildlife. This study explored the effects of mowing of grasslands and carrying away (MO), prescribed grazing (PG), and unprescribed grazing (UG) on above-ground biomass, basal gaps, and wildlife abundance at Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in Meru, Kenya. Data collection was done 18 months after treatment for PG and MO, while UG was continuous. Treated blocks were selected in a systematic and random way, while adjacent untreated plots acted as controls. Blocks were divided into 100 m × 100 m grid cells using ArcMap 10.8.1, where sampling plots were drawn. T-statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to test statistical significance. We found a significant reduction in the aboveground biomass between MO and its control (t = 4.886, p = 0.003) and between UG and its control (t =5.487, p = 0.007). No significant change was observed between PG and its control (t = 1.192, p = 0.287). MO increased wildlife abundance (t = -4.670, p = 0.003), while PG (t = 0.589, p = 0.583) and UG (t = -0.262, p = 0.803) showed no difference compared to their controls. The mean length of basal gaps between MO and its control decreased (t = 7.069, p = 0.001), while those between UG and its control increased (t = -4.053, p = 0.001), with no effect observed between PG and its control (t = 1.882, p = 0.061). This study recommends the use of mowing of grasslands and carrying away on rangelands as it positively influence the metrics under investigation.
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