苹果访花昆虫在肯尼亚中部果园的多样性和丰度

Ruth Moraa Anyieni, Josephine Muthoni Karanja, Mary Wanjiku Gikungu, Nicolas J. Vereecken
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摘要

访花昆虫通过授粉等生态系统服务对维持健康和多产的农业景观至关重要。水果是维生素和微量营养素的重要来源,一些水果作物依赖动物授粉,这增加了它们的营养成分。除了蜜蜂,苹果园还可以维持大量的节肢动物物种,这些物种也有助于授粉。本研究对尼耶里和莱基皮亚东部6个苹果园昆虫访花昆虫的多样性和丰度进行了研究。有目的地选择了六个地块,每个地块都有20多棵苹果树。通过定时目视搜索和扫网收集数据。2019年,采样时间从早上9点到下午17点,每周6天,连续5个月。多样性指数采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数计算,丰度模式采用物种丰度曲线显示。采用单因素方差分析比较了不同地点间物种多样性和丰度的差异。共记录昆虫1221只,隶属膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目23科82种。膜翅目(蜂、蜂、蚁)昆虫数量最多,有1176只,类群最丰富,有9科56种。鞘翅目(甲虫)次之,有6科12种26只;鳞翅目最不丰富,有5科7种,其次是双翅目,有7种,3科7种。6个样地的赏花游客组成差异显著。该研究为了解苹果主要访花昆虫的现状提供了重要信息,可以指导果园管理实践,通过保护传粉昆虫来提高苹果产量。保护苹果传粉媒介将提高果实产量,促进农民生计,并为国民经济做出贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Apple flower-visiting insects’ diversity and abundance in selected central Kenya orchards
Flower-visiting insects are essential in maintaining a healthy and productive agricultural landscape through ecosystem services such as pollination. Fruits are important sources of vitamins and micronutrients, and several fruit crops depend on animal pollination, which enhances their nutritional content. Besides honey bees, apple orchards can sustain a large number of arthropod species that also aid in pollination. In this present study, we assessed the diversity and abundance of insect flower visitors in six apple orchards in Nyeri and Laikipia East. Six plots, each with more than 20 apple trees, were purposefully selected. Data were collected through timed visual searches and sweep netting. Sampling was done from 0900 hours to 1700 hours, six days a week, for five months consecutively in 2019. Diversity indices were computed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, while abundance patterns were displayed using species abundance curves. Differences in species diversity and abundance between sites were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. A total of 1,221 insects belonging to 23 families, 82 species, and 4 orders (Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera) were recorded. The order Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants) was the most abundant, with 1,176 individuals, and had the most species-rich taxa, with 56 species in 9 families. The order Coleoptera (beetles) was second, with 26 individuals and 12 species in 6 families. Lepidoptera were the least abundant with 10 individuals and the least species-rich taxa with 7 species in 5 families, followed closely by Diptera with 7 individuals and 7 species in 3 families. There were significant differences in flower visitors’ composition among the six sites. The study provides important information on the status of key apple flower visitors, which can guide orchard management practises to increase apple yield through pollinator conservation. Conserving apple pollinators will enhance fruit production, promote the livelihoods of farmers, and contribute to the national economy.
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